The Role of Off-Board EV Battery Chargers in Smart Homes and Smart Grids: Operation with Renewables and Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

Concerns about climate changes and environmental air pollution are leading to the adoption of new technologies for transportation, mainly based on vehicle electrification and the interaction with smart grids, and also with the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) accompanied by energy storage systems (ESS). For these three fundamental pillars, new power electronics technologies are emerging to transform the electrical power grid, targeting a flexible and collaborative operation. As a distinctive factor, the vehicle electrification has stimulated the presence of new technologies in terms of power management, both for smart homes and smart grids. As the title indicates, this book chapter focuses on the role of off-board EV battery chargers in terms of operation modes and contextualization for smart homes and smart grids in terms of opportunities. Based on a review of on-board and off-board EV battery charging systems (EV-BCS), this chapter focus on the off-board EV-BCS framed with RES and ESS as a dominant system in future smart homes. Contextualizing these aspects, three distinct cases are considered: (1) An ac smart home using separate power converters, according to the considered technologies; (2) A hybrid ac and dc smart home with an off-board EV-BCS interfacing RES and ESS, and with the electrical appliances plugged-in to the ac power grid; (3) A dc smart home using a unified

A comprehensive review on IoT‐based infrastructure for smart grid applications

“…Challenges & future directions [11], [1], [2], [16], [7], [10] General overview of the SG infrastructure [12], [3], [13], [14], [17], [4] Distributed network model with energy management systems…”

“…Challenges & future directions [11], [1], [2], [16], [7], [10] General overview of the SG infrastructure…”

“…Therefore, a lot of new technologies (communication and sensor) have evolved to provide above features. The evolved communication and sensor technologies applied to the power grid to make smarter, that is, Smart Grid (SG) [1,2]. The SG infrastructure is the backbone of the future smart cities and the connected electric mobility.…”

A Review of Three Phase AC-DC Power Factor Correction Converters for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging

“…On-board chargers are slow because they operate at lower currents (Metwly et al, 2020;Sam et al, 2021;Yuan et al, 2021). DC (off-board) chargers transform AC current externally and provide high power directly to the EV battery (Chlebis et al, 2014;Monteiro et al, 2020). Therefore, it is quite fast.…”

Unified Three-Port Topology Integrating a Renewable and an Energy Storage System with the Grid-Interface Operating as Active Power Filter

“…However, in the perspective of compensating the intermittent power production from RES, the collaborative and effective integration of energy storage systems (ESS) is fundamental [4] [5], as well as with electric vehicles [6]. The cooperation of RES with ESS is relevant, but the integration is performed through independent power converters (i.e., using independent grid-tied converters in terms of hardware resources) [7] [8]. Moreover, this integration is performed at residential and industrial levels, where linear and non-linear loads are also presented with specific operating behaviors [4].…”