The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis

Ramírez-Pavez, Tamara N.; Martínez‐Esparza, María; Ruiz–Alcaraz, Antonio J.; Marín-Sánchez, Pilar; Machado-Linde, Francisco; García‐Peñarrubia, Pilar

doi:10.3390/ijms221910792

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Macrophages, deriving from monocytes, and neutrophil granulocytes, play a significant role in the development of inflammation and the immune response in the peritoneal environment; therefore, examining these cells from peripheral blood seems to be important [ 26 , 27 ]. It was also demonstrated that macrophages produce a significantly increased amount of proinflammatory cytokines, and there are data about defects in the phagocyte function [ 28 , 29 ]. Macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells are present in peritoneal fluid with altered immunological function, which may be responsible for the residues of invaded menstrual debris [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is a benign, chronic disease, that negatively influences the quality of life of affected women and is responsible for a remarkable amount of infertility. The pathophysiology of the disease is still not clarified, but the insufficient immune surveillance plays a significant role in it. The phagocyte function of innate immune cells may play a role in the elimination of ectopic endometrium. The purpose of this study is to examine the phagocyte function of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes, incubated in heat-inactivated and not-inactivated plasma samples from healthy women and from women with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from eight preoperative and eight postoperative patients with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment, and from 16 healthy patients as controls. Neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and blood plasma samples were isolated. Cells were incubated in different plasma samples, and the phagocytic index was determined with a fluorescence microscope. Results: The phagocytic index of granulocytes and monocytes isolated from patients with endometriosis was significantly decreased compared to healthy women after the cells were incubated in their own plasma. Preoperatively isolated cells from patients with endometriosis demonstrated an improved phagocyte function after incubating them in plasma samples from healthy controls. In contrast, the phagocytic activity of cells from healthy women significantly reduced after being incubated in the plasma of preoperative endometriosis patients. The heat-inactivation of plasma samples did not affect the results. Conclusions: Active endometriosis lesions may produce heat-stable systemic immunomodulatory factors, which reduced the phagocyte function of peripheral monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. The phagocyte function of these cells can be normalized after the complete surgical removal of endometriosis, which then demonstrates similar values as in healthy women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments

et al. 2022

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“…Recent studies have found that the inflammatory response, peripheral nerve sensitization, and pelvic adhesion are involved in the generation of pelvic pain in EMs. They interact with each other, directly or indirectly to stimulate nerve endings or mediate the sensitivity of nerve endings, thus inducing pain [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huayu Sanjie Enema Liquid Relieves Pain in Endometriosis Model Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation, Peripheral Sensitization, and Pelvic Adhesion

Zong

Sun

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The objective of this study is to observe the effect of relieving pain of Huayu Sanjie enema liquid (HYSJ-EL) on endometriosis model rats and to explore its mechanism of action. Of 24 female Sprague Dawley rats, six were randomly selected as the sham operation group (normal control group). The remaining rats were used to establish rat models of endometriosis through autologous endometrial transplantation combined with estrogen injection. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model, indomethacin (Western medicine group), and HYSJ-EL (Chinese herbs group) treatment groups. The thermal pain threshold of rats was measured, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes after sampling. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the endometrium and endometriotic lesions were measured using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assays, respectively. Compared to the model group, the heat pain threshold of rats in the HYSJ-EL group was significantly increased ( P < 0.01 ), and the serum levels of PGE2, IL-6, MIP-2, PAI-1, and TGF-β were significantly decreased ( P < 0.01 ), as well as the expression of TRPV1 and TNF-α protein and mRNA in the tissue of the ectopic lesion was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ). These results indicate that the Huayu Sanjie enema liquid exerts analgesic effects on endometriosis by inhibiting inflammation, peripheral nerve sensitization, and pelvic adhesion.

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“…Physiologically, tissue resident macrophages display a continuous flux of phenotypes and differentiation or polarization profiles, which allow them to constantly adapt to their environment. The alteration of this homeostatic macrophage balance has been related with several diseases [ 8 , 10 , 33 ]. Different in vitro methods can be found in the literature to obtain a concrete polarization phenotype of macrophages from blood monocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results showed a complete blockade of IL-10 production after 24 h of exposure with free SFN and SFN-loaded in broccoli membrane vesicles. This effect represents a new opportunity for clinical application for diseases in which the activity of M2 macrophages must be controlled, such as endometriosis where M2 macrophages support the growth of endometrial lesions contributing to the disease progression [ 8 ], or cancer where tumor-associate macrophages, similar in phenotype to M2 macrophages, promote tumor growth and metastasis and are associated with poor prognosis of tumors [ 5 ], among others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiologically, the balance between M1 and M2 polarization and the inflammatory response must be tightly controlled, since it could cause tissue damage and contribute to its progression, as it has been described for many autoimmune [ 7 ] and chronic inflammatory diseases [ 1 , 2 ], including endometriosis [ 8 , 9 ] or hepatic cirrhosis [ 10 ]. Therefore, macrophages and inflammation have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many human diseases [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Sulforaphane and Broccoli Membrane Vesicles as Regulators of M1/M2 Human Macrophage Activity

Ramírez-Pavez

García-Peñaranda

García-Ibáñez

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Macrophages have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many human diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of broccoli membrane vesicles and sulphoraphane (SFN), either free or encapsulated, on the activity of human monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophage primary culture. Our results show that exposure for 24 h to SFN 25 µM, free and encapsulated, induced a potent reduction on the activity of human M1 and M2 macrophages, downregulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytic capability on C. albicans. The broccoli membrane vesicles do not represent inert nanocarriers, as they have low amounts of bioactive compounds, being able to modulate the cytokine production, depending on the inflammatory state of the cells. They could induce opposite effects to that of higher doses of SFN, reflecting its hormetic effect. These data reinforce the potential use of broccoli compounds as therapeutic agents not only for inflammatory diseases, but they also open new clinical possibilities for applications in other diseases related to immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, or in cancer therapy. Considering the variability of their biological effects in different scenarios, a proper therapeutic strategy with Brassica bioactive compounds should be designed for each pathology.

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The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis

Cited by 52 publications

References 137 publications

Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments

Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments

Huayu Sanjie Enema Liquid Relieves Pain in Endometriosis Model Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation, Peripheral Sensitization, and Pelvic Adhesion

Potential of Sulforaphane and Broccoli Membrane Vesicles as Regulators of M1/M2 Human Macrophage Activity

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