The Role of Pubococcygeus Muscle in Urinary Continence in the Male Rat

Manzo, Jorge; Esquivel, Adriana Montoya; Hernández, María Elena Mellado; Carrillo, Porfirio; Martı́nez–Gómez, Margarita; Pacheco, Pablo

doi:10.1097/00005392-199706000-00121

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This is in contrast to the increased EMG activity response of the EUS, indicating that there is not a similar guarding reflex in female rats from the bladder to the PFM when bladder pressure is passively and directly increased via an external pressure. In contrast to our results, other studies have recorded PFM EMG during voiding or electrical stimulation in rats,16, 19, 20 suggesting that continence reflexes involving the PFM are complex.…”

Section: Commentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Floor Muscles and the External Urethral Sphincter Have Different Responses to Applied Bladder Pressure During Continence

Jiang

Salcedo

Song

et al. 2010

Urology

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Objectives-To determine the functional innervation of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and if there is PFM activity during an external pressure increase to the bladder in female rats.Methods-Thirty-one female adult virgin Sprague Dawley rats received an external increase in bladder pressure until urinary leakage was noted while bladder pressure was recorded (leak point pressure; LPP) under urethane anesthesia. Six of the rats underwent repeat LPP testing after bilateral transection of the levator ani nerve. Another 6 rats underwent repeat LPP testing after bilateral transection of the pudendal nerve. Simultaneous recordings of PFM (pubo-/iliococcygeus muscles) electromyogram (EMG) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) EMG were recorded during cystometry and LPP testing.Results-Thirteen rats (42%) showed tonic PFM EMG activity during filling cystometry. Eighteen rats (58%) showed no tonic PFM EMG activity at baseline, but PFM EMG could be activated by pinching the perineal skin. This activity could be maintained unless voiding occurred. The external increase in bladder pressure caused significantly increased EUS EMG activity as demonstrated by increased amplitude and frequency. However, there was no such response in PFM EMG. LPP was not significantly different after levator ani nerve transection, but was significantly decreased after pudendal nerve transection.Conclusions-PFM activity was not increased during external pressure increases to the bladder in female rats. Experimental designs using rats should consider this result.

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Section: Commentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Floor Muscles and the External Urethral Sphincter Have Different Responses to Applied Bladder Pressure During Continence

Jiang

Salcedo

Song

et al. 2010

Urology

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“…As shown before, they contribute to urinary continence in the rat [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and histological effects of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the pelvic muscles: a study in the rat

Wyndaele¹,

Poortmans²

2005

Int Urogynecol J

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We studied functional and histological effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic muscles of the rat. With intravaginal electrodes, the musculus pubococcygeus and musculus iliococcygeus in the awake animal were stimulated three times 6 min per day with 5 min of rest in between, 5 days per week, 7 consecutive weeks with a biphasic rectangular symmetrical current of 25 Hz, 400-mus pulse duration, on/off time of 5/10 and with an amplitude of 2-4 mA. A "sham group" received the same handling but no stimulation. Contraction measured with intra-rectal pressure during stimulation increased more in the stimulated than in the sham group, but did not reach statistical significance probably due to low power. The 2A fast fibres increased with 14% in the musculus iliococcygeus and with 6% in the musculus pubococcygeus. Type 1 slow fibres did not change. Increased capillary density was found after stimulation. Repeated intravaginal ES has mainly an influence on the fast fibres in the pelvic muscles. To influence slow fibres, another stimulation program or current parameters would seem necessary.

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“…In male rats, the Pcm is the largest skeletal muscle of the pelvic floor . The Pcm originates at the inner face of the pelvic bone and is inserted in the 3rd and 4th caudal vertebrae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In male rats, the Pcm is the largest skeletal muscle of the pelvic floor . The Pcm originates at the inner face of the pelvic bone and is inserted in the 3rd and 4th caudal vertebrae . The triangular shape of the Pcm, wider at the origin as compared to the insertion, implies that some of its fibers are attached to the ventrolateral region of the external urethral sphincter and to the bulbourethral gland .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pcm originates at the inner face of the pelvic bone and is inserted in the 3rd and 4th caudal vertebrae . The triangular shape of the Pcm, wider at the origin as compared to the insertion, implies that some of its fibers are attached to the ventrolateral region of the external urethral sphincter and to the bulbourethral gland . The Pcm is innervated by the somatomotor branch (Smb) of the pelvic nerve, composed of afferent and motor axons from the 6th lumbar and 1st sacral spinal segments .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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