The Role of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Developing Country

Abstract

We report an investigation for 16 bacteria and viruses among 184 children hospitalized with pneumonia in Salvador, Brazil. Etiology was established in 144 (78%) cases. Viral, bacterial, and mixed infections were found in 110 (60%), 77 (42%), and 52 (28%) patients, respectively. Rhinovirus (21%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21%) were the most common pathogens. Our results demonstrate the importance of viral and pneumococcal infections among those patients.

Sole infection by human metapneumovirus among children with radiographically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region

“…Nonetheless, limited information is available on the role of HMPV as the unique pathogen among children hospitalized for radiographically diagnosed community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a tropical region. We have recently published the results on the aetiology of Brazilian children hospitalized with CAP 3 . Nevertheless, HMPV has not been investigated in this sample yet.…”

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

“…[121] Etiologic studies of pediatric hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections have identified influenza to be associated with 2-23% of admissions, with most large studies identifying influenza virus in 5-10% of hospitalized children in both developed and developing countries. [122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140] Rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations are primarily available from developed countries, where approximately 1-3 hospitalizations per 1000 child-years have been observed. [113,114,117,[141][142][143][144][145] Influenza-associated hospitalization rates are higher among children with cardiac and pulmonary conditions than among healthy children.…”

Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Lebanese Children and their Correlation

“…The era of infectious vaccination and antimicrobial therapy has led to a decline in the incidence of infections and mortality related to community-acquired pneumonia [7,8]. However, despite all efforts, it remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and accounts for a good proportion of hospitalizations [2,9].…”

“…This underlines the importance of an accurate diagnosis and knowledge of the etiologic agent responsible for developing pneumonia. Despite CAP's widespread impact, childhood data on causative infectious organisms are few, mainly due to the difficulty of establishing the underline primary etiology [7]. There are no definitive findings in a patient's medical history, physical examination, or chest radiograph that can categorically differentiate bacterial from viral or atypical pneumonia [9].…”