THE ROLE OF THE GENETIC ABNORMALITIES, EPIGENETIC AND microRNA IN THE PROGNOSIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is increased proliferation of B-cells with peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement, which is usually observed in older people. Genetic mutations, epigenetic changes and miRs play a role in CLL pathogenesis. Del 11q, del l17q, del 6q, trisomy 12, p53 and IgVH mutations are the most important genetic changes in CLL. Deletion of miR-15a and miR-16a can increase bcl2 gene expression, miR-29 and miR-181 deletions decrease the expression of TCL1, and miR-146a deletion prevents tumor metastasis. Epigenetic changes such as hypo- and hypermethylation, ubiquitination, hypo- and hyperacetylation of gene promoters involved in CLL pathogenesis can also play a role in CLL. Expression of CD38 and ZAP70, presence or absence of mutation in IgVH and P53 mutation are among the factors involved in CLL prognosis. Use of monoclonal antibodies against surface markers of B-cells like anti-CD20 as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most important therapeutic approaches for CLL.

Synchronous Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma and Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Involving the Coronary Arteries Leading to Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…FISH study demonstrated deletion of 11q and interstitial deletion of 13q (67-73% of cells). Deletions of [5]. Furthermore, deletions of 13q, again seen in this case, are demonstrated in approximately 68% of CLL cases [5].…”

“…Deletions of [5]. Furthermore, deletions of 13q, again seen in this case, are demonstrated in approximately 68% of CLL cases [5]. Deletions are a poor prognostic marker thus suggesting evolution of the cell line in this patient.…”

Identification of a novel tRNA‐derived RNA fragment exhibiting high prognostic potential in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

“…42 As previously stated, the clinical stage of the disease, the mutational status of the IGHV locus, and absence or mutation of the TP53 gene are considered as the most valid prognostic markers in this hematological malignancy 6,7,15,26 ; other prognostic factors are also taken into consideration. 43 In the current study, mutations of TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 and cytogenetic markers were not examined.…”

Recent progress of prognostic biomarkers and risk scoring systems in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

“…Del13q, specifically involving band 13q14 on which miR-15a and miR-16a are located, seems to be the most frequently observed cytogenetic aberration in CLL and associated with a good prognosis [ 54 , 55 ]. Patients with isolated del13q need treatment sooner and have a shorter OS if the cells with del13q ≥ 60% [ 56 ].…”