The Role of Thyrotrophin Receptor Antibody Assays in Graves’ Disease

Kamath, Chandan; Adlan, Mohamed; Premawardhana, Lakdasa

doi:10.1155/2012/525936

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…However, this test does not differentiate the biological activity of the antibodies, TSAb and TBAb, which is possible using a bioassay based on cell culture and recombinant human TSHR, but is limited due to much efforts and costs. Secondgeneration TBII tests have 100% specificity and 98% diagnostic sensitivity [37][38][39].…”

Section: Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies (Trab)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rola układu immunologicznego oraz udział cytokin w patomechanizmie autoimmunologicznej choroby tarczycy (AITD)

Mikos¹,

Mikoś²,

Obara-Moszynska³

et al. 2014

Endokrynologia Polska

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Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder. AITD development occurs due to loss of immune tolerance and reactivity to thyroid autoantigens: thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). This leads to infiltration of the gland by T cells and B cells that produce antibodies specific for clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (cAIT). In addition, T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis induce apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, leading ultimately to the destruction of the gland. Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases working in both the immune system and directly targeting the thyroid follicular cells. They are involved in the induction and effector phase of the immune response and inflammation, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. The presence of multiple cytokines has been demonstrated: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4 , IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, TNF-a and IFN-g within the inflammatory cells and thyroid follicular cells. Finally, cytokines derived from T cells can directly damage thyroid cells, leading to functional disorders and may also stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG), thus increasing the inflammatory response in AITD. Immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD are strongly related to each other, but differences in the image of cAIT and GD phenotype are possibly due to a different type of immune response observed in these two counteracting clinical thyroid diseases. This article describes the potential role of cytokines and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AITD. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (2): 150-155)

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Section: Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies (Trab)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rola układu immunologicznego oraz udział cytokin w patomechanizmie autoimmunologicznej choroby tarczycy (AITD)

Mikos¹,

Mikoś²,

Obara-Moszynska³

et al. 2014

Endokrynologia Polska

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“…These measure the stimulation or the inhibition of TSHR activity by measuring cAMP as the end point [140]. These assays are sensitive but are expensive and imprecise.…”

Section: Measuring Tshr-absmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoantibodies in Pregnancy: Their Role, Regulation and Clinical Relevance

Balucan

Morshed

Davies

2013

Journal of Thyroid Research

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Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are common in the euthyroid population and are considered secondary responses and indicative of thyroid inflammation. By contrast, autoantibodies to the TSH receptor are unique to patients with Graves' disease and to some patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Both types of thyroid antibodies are useful clinical markers of autoimmune thyroid disease and are profoundly influenced by the immune suppression of pregnancy and the resulting loss of such suppression in the postpartum period. Here, we review these three types of thyroid antibodies and their antigens and how they relate to pregnancy itself, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and the postpartum.

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“…TRAbs are present in 95–96% patients with GD. Antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, although specific for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, can be present in 80% of patients with Graves’ disease 7. TRAbs testing is technically difficult and not available in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle paralysis in thyrotoxicosis

Siddiqui

Sheikh

2015

BMJ Case Reports

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Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a condition characterised by muscle paralysis due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to thyrotoxicosis. We report a case of a 31-year-old man with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, weight loss and hoarseness of voice. On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand tremors were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made. Three months after initial presentation, the patient presented in emergency with severe muscle pain and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous potassium. A diagnosis of TTP was established. After initial presentation, the patient was treated with carbimazole and propranolol. Once he was euthyroid, radioactive iodine ablation therapy (15 mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the patient's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on levothyroxine replacement and there has been no recurrence of muscle paralysis.

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The Role of Thyrotrophin Receptor Antibody Assays in Graves’ Disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 74 publications

Rola układu immunologicznego oraz udział cytokin w patomechanizmie autoimmunologicznej choroby tarczycy (AITD)

Rola układu immunologicznego oraz udział cytokin w patomechanizmie autoimmunologicznej choroby tarczycy (AITD)

Thyroid Autoantibodies in Pregnancy: Their Role, Regulation and Clinical Relevance

Muscle paralysis in thyrotoxicosis

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