The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Abstract

Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field.

Effects of floral resources on the longevity and parasitism of Cotesia vestalis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Vietnam

“…Flowers's pollen and nectar which contains sugar, protein, amino acids, and lipids, could increase the fecundity of parasitoids (Vattala et al., 2006). Many studies reported increased longevity using honey or flowers as the food sources, compared with water or no food did not significantly extend the longevity of parasitoids (Mitsunaga et al., 2006; Winkler et al., 2009; Sugiharti et al., 2018), while carbohydrates are also a nutritional factor determining the longevity of parasitoid wasps. Leatemia et al.…”

“…However, information on maintaining C. vestalis populations in the field by applying ecological engineering to provide plant-derived foods of pollen and nectar which greatly influence natural enemy longevity, fecundity, and behavior and positively impact on reducing Plutella xylostella (L.) numbers is lacking (Mitsunaga et al., 2006). Many flowers have been intensively studied to determine the effects of floral nectar on longevity of Microctonus hyperodae Loan including phacelia ( Phacelia tanacetifolia ), buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ), alyssum ( Lobularia maritima ), coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ), white clover ( Trifolium repens ), red clover ( Trifolium pratense ) and white mustard ( Sinapis alba ) (Vattala et al., 2006), on longevity of Cotesia as Centaurea cyannus L., C. jacea L., Origanum vulgare L., and Trifolium pratense L (Winkler et al., 2009), and on longevity of the Anagrus nilaparvatae parasitoid as Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus (Sugiharti et al., 2018). Moreover, select plant species that provide nutritional benefits to the parasitoid play an important role when designing field margins.…”

Diversity of Natural Enemies Associated with Refuge Flowering Plants of Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta in Rice Ecosystem

“…Furthermore, the presence of refuge can increase the number of natural enemies by 72% and reduce the number of pest populations by 74% (Letourneau et al, 2011). According to Sugiharti et al (2018), the flowers of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus provided for A. nilaparvatae adults increased the fecundity of their offsprings by 45-91%.…”

PENILAIAN PERFORMA DAUN DAN TAJUK Cosmos sulphureus Cav. TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK

“…. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan peran C. sulphureus sebagai biopestisida (Sugiharti et al, 2018;Rezki et al, 2018, Imaniar et al, 2013 (1) Keterangan:…”