The Roles of Clostridium difficile and Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in Diarrhea in Dogs

Weese, J. Scott; Staempfli, H. R.; Prescott, John F.; Kruth, Stephen A.; Greenwood, Spencer J.; Weese, H.

doi:10.1892/0891-6640(2001)015<0374:trodae>2.3.co;2

Cited by 89 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Consequently, it is safer for public health to consider C. difficile as potentially zoonotic (Arroyo et al, 2005;Weese et al, 2010). C. perfringens can be isolated from more than 80% of diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs (Weese et al, 2001), whereas it is found more rarely in healthy cats and the isolation rates range between 43 and 63% (Marks et al, 2011). C. Perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) is found in 34% of diarrheic dogs (Weese et al, 2001).…”

Section: Clostridium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Pathogens of Dogs and Cats With Public Health Implications

Καντερέ

Athanasiou

Chatzopoulos

et al. 2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Dogs and cats play an important role in modern society, enhancing the psychological and physiological well-being of many people. However, there are well-documented health risks associated with human animal interactions. More specifically, enteric pathogens of zoonotic risk which are transmitted by feces of dogs and cats can be grouped as follows: (a) Parasites such as Toxocara canis, T. cati, Ancylostoma sp, Uncinaria sp, Strongyloides stercoralis, Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis and Dipylidium caninum (b) Protozoa including Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. (c) Bacteria of the genera Clostridium, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia, Yersinia and Helicobacter and (d) Viruses mainly Rotaviruses and Coronaviruses. Among them, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Rotaviruses, Toxoplasma gondii, Echinococcus have been reported to be of considerable importance for many countries including Greece. Even though official records of the cases in humans and livestock in Greece continuously decline, cystic echinococcosis is considered to be a serious problem for public health and livestock economy. Regarding other parasites, the overall prevalence of parasitism was 26% in owned shepherd and hunting dogs examined in Serres. Furthermore, seroepidemiological studies revealed the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in a considerable percentage of hospitalized children. Rotaviruses were confirmed as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. Finally, bacterial zoonotic enteropathogens were identified in a notable number of pediatric cases. Most of these zoonoses are associated with the exposure of immunodeficient people or children to pets and/or conditions of poor hygiene. Studies on the presence of all these pathogens in animals are required to identify the extent of problem, to define control strategies and evaluate their effectiveness.

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Section: Clostridium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Pathogens of Dogs and Cats With Public Health Implications

Καντερέ

Athanasiou

Chatzopoulos

et al. 2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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“…While signs of disease could range from mild self-limiting diarrhoea to chronic or fatal diarrhoea (Berry and Levett 1986), the relevance of the bacterium in small veterinary clinics is still uncertain (Weese 2011;Busch et al 2014). Different other studies have associated the presence of C. difficile in faeces with diarrhoea in dogs and cats (Weese et al 2001a;2001b;Weese and Armstrong 2003;Koene et al 2012;Wetterwik et al 2013). However, dogs can also be healthy carriers of C. difficile strains belonging to human epidemic PCR-ribotypes (Schneeberg et al 2012;Silva et al 2013b;Spigaglia et al 2015), with a high colonisation in the first period of live (Perrin et al 1993;Á lvarez-Pérez et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 98%

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

Rodríguez

Taminiau

Broeck

et al. 2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. Clostridium difficile is ubiquitous in the environment, and the bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic C. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that C. difficile could be zoonotic. Therefore, animals could play an essential role as carriers of the bacterium. In addition, the presence of the spores in different meats, fish, fruits and vegetables suggests a risk of foodborne transmission. This review summarises the current available data on C. difficile in animals and foods, from when the bacterium was first described up to the present.

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“…Necrosis and autolysis of mammalian cells present very similar morphological appearances, which can cause difficulties in assessment 10. Because all types of C. perfringens can normally inhabit the intestines of most animals, cultures of this microorganism from the intestinal contents of these animals has no diagnostic value, especially not cultures taken post mortem 11, 12, 13, 14. So far, no studies on the macroscopic appearance or on histologic changes performed intra vitam in dogs with HGE exist.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, C. perfringens can be cultured from the fecal specimens of more than 80% of diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs, and CPE can also be detected in up to 14% of nondiarrheic, healthy dogs 11, 1515, 16, 17.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome

Unterer¹,

Busch²,

Leipig³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEtiology of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) syndrome in dogs is unknown and histopathologic and microbial investigations have only been performed post mortem.ObjectiveTo identify characteristic intra vitam endoscopic and histologic mucosal lesions, as well as bacterial species, within the mucosa of dogs with HGE.AnimalsTen dogs diagnosed with HGE were included. Eleven dogs with gastroduodenoscopy and different intestinal diseases were used as controls for microbial changes. Dogs pretreated with antibiotics or diagnosed with any disease known to cause bloody diarrhea were excluded from the study.MethodsIn this prospective study, gastrointestinal biopsies were collected from 10 dogs with HGE. Endoscopic and histologic changes were assessed according to WSAVA guidelines. Biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were investigated by histology and by immunohistochemistry for the presence of Clostridium spp. and parvovirus. The first duodenal biopsy taken with a sterile forceps was submitted for bacterial culture.ResultsAcute mucosal lesions were only found in the intestines, not in the stomach. Clostridium spp., identified as Clostridium perfringens in 6/9 cases, were detected on the small intestinal mucosa in all dogs with HGE, either by culture or immunohistopathology. In the control group, C. perfringens could only be cultured in one of 11 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results of this study demonstrate an apparent association between C. perfringens and the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. The term “HGE,” which implies the involvement of the stomach, should be renamed as “acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.”

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The Roles of Clostridium difficile and Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in Diarrhea in Dogs

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

Enteric Pathogens of Dogs and Cats With Public Health Implications

Enteric Pathogens of Dogs and Cats With Public Health Implications

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome

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