The “Salting-out” and “Salting-in” of Weak Acids. II. The Activity Coefficients of the Molecules of Ortho, Meta and Para-Hydroxybenzoic Acids in Aqueous Salt Solutions<sup>1</sup>

Osol, Arthur; Kilpatrick, Martin

doi:10.1021/ja01338a017

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Large ions of unsymmetric charge distribution often cause salting in. This hydrotropism has been observed in many systems with salts such as sodium benzoate, sodium toluene solfonate, and aniline nitrate (Long, 1952;Osol, 1933). Prausnitz and Targovnik (1958) explain this effect as an attraction of the nonelectrolyte molecules to the ion's large nonpolar end to reduce the concentration in the charged region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ethanol volatility in fermentation systems. Salt and metabolite effects

Maiorella¹,

Wilke²,

Blanch³

1984

Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund.

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The effect of dissolved species on the relative volatility of ethanol in fermentation systems is evaluated. New data are presented showing that the enhancement in volatility due to dissolved salts varies with ethanol concentration and is largest for the dilute ethanol concentrations typical in fermentation broths. Dissolved sugars and metabolites also affect relative volatility. The most commonly applied model of volatility enhancement does not incorporate the effect of ethanol concentration, and published enhancement factors measured at high salt and ethanol concentration are not applicable to the conditions of a fermentation broth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ethanol volatility in fermentation systems. Salt and metabolite effects

Maiorella¹,

Wilke²,

Blanch³

1984

Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund.

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“…The activity coefficient, γ H2L , of salicylic acid has been obtained as the ratio (solubility in water)/(solubility in 1.05 m NaClO 4 ) from literature . Some b ( i , k ) values, needed for the calculations, have been deduced from various sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity coefficient, γ H2L , of salicylic acid has been obtained as the ratio (solubility in water)/(solubility in 1.05 m NaClO 4 ) from literature. 20 (1,4,2), and (1,3,2) can be estimated on the basis of empirical rules, suggested by Ciavatta. 19 For the complexes FeL 3 3À and Fe 2 (OH) 2 (HL)L + the probable specific ion interaction Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data ARTICLE coefficients are deduced from empirical rules derived from plausible structures of the species (Figure 3).…”

Section: ' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Iron(III) with 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Aqueous Solutions

Furia

Sindona

2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The complex formation between the Fe 3+ ion and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid, H 2 L) has been studied at 298.15 K in 1.05 mol 3 kg À1 NaClO 4 medium by both potentiometric titrations with glass electrodes and spectrophotometric measurements in the range of wavelengths between (410 and 600) nm. The concentrations of ligand (C L ) and metal ion (C M ) were varied between (0.105 Â 10 À3 and 21 Â 10 À3 ) mol 3 kg À1 , and the ligand-to-metal ratio was varied between (1 and 1000) (1 e C L / C M e 1000). The hydrogen ion concentration was decreased stepwise to the incipient precipitation of a basic salt of metal. The experimental data have been explained with the formation of the complexes FeL + , FeL 2 À , FeL 3 3À , Fe(HL)L, and Fe 2 (OH) 2 (HL)L + . Stability constants for their formation in 1.05 mol 3 kg À1 NaClO 4 as well as in dilute solution are reported.

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“…[27][28][29][30] Two different phenomena related to solubility changes caused by the presence of cosolutes can be observed: salting-in and salting-out effects. 31 Saturated naringin solutions were prepared as already described in a previous work. 32 Briey, solid was wrapped up in a highly retentive lter paper (Whatman 42) bag and then was kept in a glass cylinder containing pure water as well as sodium chloride aqueous solution at pre-established ionic strength values (i.e., 0.16 mol L À1 ), under continuous stirring with a magnetic bar.…”

Section: Solubility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%