The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry

Gurvits, L. I.; Paragi, Z.; Amils, Ricardo; Bemmel, Ilse van; Boven, Paul; Casasola, V.; Conway, J.; Davelaar, Jordy; Diez-Gonzalez, M. C.; Falcke, H.; Fender, R. P.; Frey, Sándor; Fromm, Christian M.; Gallego-Puyol, Juan Daniel; Garcı́a-Miró, C.; Garrett, M. A.; Giroletti, M.; Goddi, C.; Gómez, José L.; Gucht, Jeffrey van der; Guirado, J. C.; Haiman, Zoltán; Helmich, Frank; Hudson, Ben; Humphreys, E. M. L.; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Janssen, Michaël; Johnson, Michael D.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Krämer, M.; Lindqvist, Michael; Linz, H.; Liuzzo, E.; Lobanov, A. P.; López-Fernández, I.; Malo-Gómez, Inmaculada; Masania, Kunal; Mizuno, Yosuke; Plavin, A. V.; Rajan, Raj Thilak; Rezzolla, Luciano; Roelofs, Freek; Ros, E.; Rygl, K. L. J.; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schuster, K.; Venturi, T.; Verkouter, Marjolein; Vicente, P. de; Visser, Pieter; Wiedner, Martina C.; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, K.; Zensus, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This serves as a well-motivated theoretical benchmark, in which the axion-photon coupling is induced by O(1) numbers of chiral fermions with O(1) units of the electric charge. Finally, the future VLBI experiments [30] have the potential to observe more SMBHs at the horizon scale [31,85]. In this case, one can perform an axion search at a broader mass window, potentially covering from 10 −22 eV to 10 −17 eV.…”

Section: Data Sets Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringence tomography for axion cloud

Chen

Mizuno

et al. 2022

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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An axion cloud surrounding a supermassive black hole can be naturally produced through the superradiance process. Its existence can be examined by the axion induced birefringence effect. It predicts an oscillation of the electric vector position angle of linearly polarized radiations. Stringent constraints of the existence of the axion in a particular mass window has been obtained based on the recent Event Horizon Telescope measurement on M87★. The future Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations will be able to measure the vicinity of many supermassive black holes, thus it opens the possibility to search for the existence of axions in a wide mass regime. In this paper, we study how different black hole properties and accretion flows influence the signatures of the axion induced birefringence. We include the impacts of black hole inclination angles, spins, magnetic fields, plasma velocity distributions, the thickness of the accretion flows. We pay special attention to characterize the washout effects induced by the finite thickness of the accretion flows and the lensed photons. Based on this study, we give prospects on how to optimize the axion search using future VLBI observations, such as the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope, to further increase the sensitivity.

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Section: Data Sets Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringence tomography for axion cloud

Chen

Mizuno

et al. 2022

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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“…As the current package for analyzing X-ray data from black hole accretion disks requires analytical spacetime metric solutions (Bambi 2022), it would be necessary to incorporate algorithms that can use numerical metric solutions into the package to test the numerical bumblebee black holes in the future. Meanwhile, with the next generation EHT (ngEHT) and space-borne submillimeter interferometry (Blackburn et al 2019;Gurvits et al 2022), sharper black hole images are on the way. Combining the ngEHT images with X-ray and GW observations will eventually provide a more complete landscape for bumblebee-like vector-tensor gravity theories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumblebee Black Holes in Light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations

Liang

Shao

2023

ApJ

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We report the existence of novel static spherical black hole solutions in a vector–tensor gravitational theory called the bumblebee gravity model, which extends the Einstein–Maxwell theory by allowing the vector to nonminimally couple to the Ricci curvature tensor. A test of the solutions in the strong-field regime is performed for the first time using the recent observations of the supermassive black hole shadows in the galaxy M87 and the Milky Way from the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. The parameter space is found largely unexcluded and more experiments are needed to fully bind the theory.

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“…As the current package for analyzing X-ray data from black-hole accretion disks requires analytical spacetime metric solutions (Bambi 2022), it would be necessary to incorporate algorithms that can use numerical metric solutions into the package to test the numerical bumblebee black holes in the future. In the meanwhile, with the next generation EHT (ngEHT) and space-borne sub-millimeter interferometries (Blackburn et al 2019;Gurvits et al 2022), sharper black hole images are on the way. A combination of the ngEHT images with X-ray and GW observations will eventually provide a more complete landscape for bumblebee-like vector-tensor gravity theories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumblebee black holes in light of Event Horizon Telescope observations

Xu¹,

Liang²,

Shao³

2023

Preprint

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We report the existence of novel static spherical black-hole solutions in a vector-tensor gravitational theory called the bumblebee gravity model which extends the Einstein-Maxwell theory by allowing the vector to nonminimally couple to the Ricci curvature tensor. A test of the solutions in the strong-field regime is performed for the first time using the recent observations of the supermassive black-hole shadows in the galaxy M87 and the Milky Way from the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. The parameter space is found largely unexcluded and more experiments are needed to fully bound the theory.

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The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 87 publications

Birefringence tomography for axion cloud

Birefringence tomography for axion cloud

Bumblebee Black Holes in Light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations

Bumblebee black holes in light of Event Horizon Telescope observations

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