The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Addictive Disorders: Focus on Heroin and Cocaine Dependence

Khantzian, Edward J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1837-8_7

Cited by 800 publications

(959 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Screening for post-traumatic stress symptoms should be conducted routinely with SUD patients, as previous research has indicated poorer outcomes of SUD treatments when PTSD is left untreated (Read, Brown, & Kahler, 2004). Avoidant coping style may have an important mediating effect in the association between CMT and SUD, and may support the self-medication hypothesis (Khantzian, 1985). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Rasmussen¹,

Arefjord

Winje

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: While previous research has found strong associations between childhood maltreatment trauma and substance use disorders (SUDs), the role of possible moderating effects of gender and mediating effects of psychopathology and SUD is unclear.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in self-reported childhood maltreatment trauma, general psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress symptoms between 112 patients in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD group) and 112 matched controls with mild to moderate mental health disorders (comparison group).Methods: Childhood maltreatment trauma was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF). General psychological distress was measured by the Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R), and post-traumatic stress symptoms were measured by the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R).Results: The SUD group reported more severe childhood maltreatment trauma than the comparison group. Females in the SUD group reported more severe and various forms of trauma compared to males. The SUD group reported higher mean scores on the SCL-90-R, but the proportions of people with caseness scores on the IES-R and the SCL-90-R were similar in the two samples. The SUD group reported more avoidance symptoms than the comparison group.Conclusion: This study adds further evidence to the repeatedly found strong associations between childhood maltreatment trauma and SUD, implying that the prevention of childhood maltreatment trauma may reduce the occurrence of SUD. Furthermore, patients with SUD should be screened for childhood maltreatment trauma, and the results should be applied in trauma-informed as well as trauma-focused interventions aimed to help this population. The association appears to be particularly strong for female substance users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Rasmussen¹,

Arefjord

Winje

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Youth with CU traits also tend to be highly reward-sensitive , leading them to seek out substances regardless of their environmental context. The association between violence exposure and drug use or related legal issues is often explained by the self-medication hypothesis, stating that the emotional sequelae of a traumatic event leads to subsequent substance use as a method of relieving painful symptoms or memories (Brown & Wolfe, 1994;Khantzian, 1985;Stewart, 1996). This process may help explain drug abuse among those who are both directly exposed to aggression through physical abuse or neglect and those who witness severe violence in the family or community; thus, the association is strengthened among CU individuals, who may be already susceptible to drug problems, particularly for this detained sample of boys.…”

Section: Exposure To Violence Mediates the Link Between Cu Traits Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence Exposure Mediates the Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Offending Patterns in Adolescents

Howard

Kimonis

Muñoz

et al. 2012

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Citation for published item:row rdD eFvF nd uimonisD iF F nd gentif nti @n¡ ee wu£ nozAD vFgF nd pri kD FtF @PHIPA 9 iolen e exposure medi tes the rel tion etween llousEunemotion l tr its nd o'ending p tterns in doles entsF9D tourn l of norm l hild psy hologyFD RH @VAF ppF IPQUEIPRUFFurther information on publisher's website:The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comAdditional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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“…Some patients with PTSD might begin or continue abusing alcohol in an attempt to reduce or control (i.e., self-medicate for) their PTSD symptoms. This self-medication notion of drug abuse proposes that individuals who are susceptible to certain aversive states, such as anxiety, are at a high risk of abusing drugs capable of reducing these aversive states (Khantzian, 1985 ). Third, some other variable (e.g., anxiety sensitivity; McNally, 1996) might be related to the onset, maintenance, or both of PTSD and alcohol abuse.…”

Section: Possible Causal Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

570

422

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The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Addictive Disorders: Focus on Heroin and Cocaine Dependence

Cited by 800 publications

References 26 publications

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Violence Exposure Mediates the Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Offending Patterns in Adolescents

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

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