The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism

Frost, Gary; Sleeth, Michelle; Sahuri-Arisoylu, Meliz; Lizarbe, Blanca; Cerdán, Sebastián; Brody, Leigh; Anastasovska, Jelena; Ghourab, Samar; Hankir, Mohammed K.; Zhang, Shuai; Carling, David; Swann, Jonathan R.; Gibson, Glenn R.; Viardot, Alexander; Morrison, Douglas J.; Thomas, E. Louise; Bell, Jimmy D.

doi:10.1038/ncomms4611

Cited by 1,339 publications

(973 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This might be mediated by selected supplement addition for specific bacterial taxa that tolerate more acidic pH [33], since direct effect of probiotic supplements on the microbiota have not been demonstrated [14,34,35]. Also, acetic acid suppresses appetite [36] and propionate and butyrate acids modulate hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY, involved in satiety [5−7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Gut Microbiota of Overweight Mice by Agavins and Their Association with Body Weight Loss

Huazano-García¹,

Shin²,

López³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract:Agavins consumption has lead to accelerate body weight loss in mice. We investigated the changes on cecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) associated to body weight loss in overweight mice. Firstly, mice were fed with standard (ST5) or high fat (HF5) diet for 5 weeks. Secondly, overweight mice were shifted to standard diet alone (HF-ST10) or supplemented with agavins (HF-ST+A10) or oligofructose (HF-ST+O10), five more weeks. Cecal contents were collected before and after supplementation to determine microbiota and SCFA concentrations. At the end of first phase, HF5 mice showed a significant increase of body weight, which was associated with reduction of cecal microbiota diversity (PD whole tree; non-parametric t-test, P < 0.05), increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reduced SCFA concentrations (t-test, P < 0.05). After diet shifted, HF-ST10 normalized its microbiota, increase its diversity and SCFA levels, whereas agavins (HF-ST+A10) or oligofructose (HF-ST+O10) led to partial microbiota restoration, with normalization of the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio as well as higher SCFA levels (P < 0.1). Moreover, agavins noticeably enriched Klebsiella and Citrobacter (LDA > 3.0), which have not been reported previously under a prebiotic treatment. In conclusion, agavins or oligofructose modulated cecal microbiota composition, reduced extent of diversity and increased SCFA. Furthermore, identification of bacteria enriched by agavins, opens opportunities to explore new probiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Gut Microbiota of Overweight Mice by Agavins and Their Association with Body Weight Loss

Huazano-García¹,

Shin²,

López³

2017

Preprint

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“…74 Furthermore, it has been shown that SCFAc can pass through the blood-brain barrier and influence behavior, neural signaling, the production of neurotransmitters and, ultimately, behavior. [75][76][77] Change in Central Nervous System Neurotransmitters Studies have reported on CNS neurotransmitter changes in response to more specific biological factors that may be restricted to certain types of bacteria, thus providing a mechanistic link to changes in microbial metabolism. Germ free mice have elevated levels of dopamine and tryptophan in striatum, but not serotonin or gama-amino butyric acid (GABA).…”

Section: Effect Of Bacterial Metabolites On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

228

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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“…However, no significant differences in GLP-1 were observed [64]. Therefore another study was conducted to see whether the apparent appetite reducing effects of fermentable carbohydrates could indeed be caused by SCFAs directly, independent of GLP-1 [65]. They found that 3% of colonic-and intravenously infused 11 C acetate was taken up by the brain, thus crossing the blood-brain barrier.…”

Section: Appetite Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

Fluitman

Clercq

Keijser

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Introduction: Malnutrition refers to both over-and undernutrition and results from a disruption in energy balance. It affects one in three people worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The intestinal microbiota represents a newly identified factor that might contribute to the development of malnutrition, as it harbors traits that complement the human metabolic and endocrine capabilities, thereby influencing energy balance. Areas covered: In the current review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the microbiota, its development and its possible influence on energy balance, with emphasis the role of short-chain fatty acids. We also consider microbial characteristics associated with obesity and undernutrition and evaluate microbial manipulating strategies. The PubMed database was searched using the terms:

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The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism

Cited by 1,339 publications

References 51 publications

Modulation of Gut Microbiota of Overweight Mice by Agavins and Their Association with Body Weight Loss

Modulation of Gut Microbiota of Overweight Mice by Agavins and Their Association with Body Weight Loss

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

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