The Siberian Coastal Current: A wind‐ and buoyancy‐forced Arctic coastal current

Weingartner, Thomas J.; Danielson, Seth L.; Sasaki, Yasuhiko; Pavlov, Vladimir; Kulakov, M.

doi:10.1029/1999jc900161

Cited by 200 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…However, the wind forcing makes the ESS highly variable. The SCC was focused as a narrow jet along the coast under cyclonic atmospheric conditions in the summer-fall of 2003, while in 2004, with anticyclonic atmospheric circulation it was less confined as reported by and was not present at all in the Chukchi Sea east of ESS (Weingartner et al, 1999). The SCC often extends all the way into the Chukchi Sea, where it mixes with the northward flow from the Bering Strait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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East Siberian Sea, an Arctic region of very high biogeochemical activity

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Shelf seas are among the most active biogeochemical marine environments and the East Siberian Sea is a prime example. This sea is supplied by seawater from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and has a substantial input of river runoff. All of these waters contribute chemical constituents, dissolved and particulate, but of different signatures. Sea ice formation during the winter season and melting in the summer has a major impact on physical as well as biogeochemical conditions. The internal circulation and water mass distribution is significantly influenced by the atmospheric pressure field. The western region is dominated by input of river runoff from the Laptev Sea and an extensive input of terrestrial organic matter. The microbial decay of this organic matter produces carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that oversaturates all waters from the surface to bottom relative to atmospheric level, even when primary production, inferred from low surface water nutrients, has occurred. The eastern surface waters were under-saturated with respect to CO 2 illustrating the dominance of marine primary production. The drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon equals a primary production of ∼0.8 ± 2 mol C m −2 , which when multiplied by half the area of the East Siberian Sea, ∼500 000 km 2 , results in an annual primary production of 0.4 (± 1) × 10 12 mol C or ∼4 (± 10) × 10 12 gC. Microbial decay occurs through much of the water column, but dominates at the sediment interface where the majority of organic matter ends up, thus more of the decay products are recycled to the bottom water. High nutrient concentrations and fugacity of CO 2 and low oxygen and pH were observed in the bottom waters. Another signature of organic matter decomposition, methane (CH 4 ), wasCorrespondence to: L. G. Anderson (leifand@chem.gu.se) observed in very high but variable concentrations. This is due to its seabed sources of glacial origin or modern production from ancient organic matter, becoming available due to sub-sea permafrost thaw and formation of so-called taliks. The decay of organic matter to CO 2 as well as oxidation of CH 4 to CO 2 contribute to a natural ocean acidification making the saturation state of calcium carbonate low, resulting in under-saturation of all the bottom waters with respect to aragonite and large areas of under-saturation down to 50 % with respect to calcite. Hence, conditions for calcifying organisms are very unfavorable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The river runoff promotes development of the low salinity Siberian Coastal Current (SCC) following the coast from the west to the east (e.g., Weingartner et al, 1999). However, the wind forcing makes the ESS highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Siberian Sea, an Arctic region of very high biogeochemical activity

et al. 2011

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“…The lowest TA and DIC concentrations were generally observed in Long Strait close to the coast of Siberia. These waters originate in the East Siberian Sea shelf and are carried eastward into the Chukchi Sea with the Siberian Coastal Current (Weingartner, 1999). The low TA and DIC contents of the SSC waters result from considerable freshwater input from river runoff into the East Siberian Sea shelf and sea-ice melt (Semiletov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Seawater Co 2 -Carbonate Chemistry Variability Across the Wementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), partly into the Canada Basin and partly eastward along the narrow Beaufort Sea shelf. There is also an episodic inflow (up to 0.1 Sv) into the Chukchi Sea from the East Siberian Sea shelf through Long Strait between Wrangel Island and the Siberian coast with the Siberian Coastal Current (SCC; Weingartner, 1999). The residence time of shelf water present on the Chukchi Sea shelf is typically less than 6 months (computed from mean northward flow through Bering Strait of 1 Sv divided by volume of the Chukchi Sea shelf of ∼ 2.5 × 10 13 m 3 ).…”

Section: General Observations From the 2009-2011 Rusalca/icescape Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The Arctic Ocean accounts for only 4% of the global ocean area, but it contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. Recent observations of seawater CO2-carbonate chemistry in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean, primarily in the Chukchi Sea, from 2009 to 2011 indicate that bottom waters are seasonally undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals, particularly aragonite. Nearly 40% of sampled bottom waters on the shelf have saturation states less than one for aragonite (i.e., Ωaragonite < 1.0), thereby exposing the benthos to potentially corrosive water for CaCO3-secreting organisms, while 80% of bottom waters present had Ωaragonite values less than 1.5. Our observations indicate seasonal reduction of saturation states (Ω) for calcite (Ωcalcite) and aragonite (Ωaragonite) in the subsurface in the western Arctic by as much as 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. Such data indicate that bottom waters of the western Arctic shelves were already potentially corrosive for biogenic and sedimentary CaCO3 for several months each year. Seasonal changes in Ω are imparted by a variety of factors such as phytoplankton photosynthesis, respiration/remineralization of organic matter and air–sea gas exchange of CO2. Combined, these processes either increase or enhance in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. These seasonal physical and biological processes also act to mitigate or enhance the impact of Anthropocene ocean acidification (OA) on Ω in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. Future monitoring of the western Arctic shelves is warranted to assess the present and future impact of ocean acidification and seasonal physico-biogeochemical processes on Ω values and Arctic marine ecosystems.

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“…3;Weingartner et al, 1999). This cold fresh current, on occasion, may reach the Bering Strait, but usually is deflected into the central Chukchi Sea.…”

Section: Physical Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%