The significance of cell-related challenges in the clinical application of tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering is increasingly being recognized as a new approach that could alleviate the burden of tissue damage currently managed with transplants or synthetic devices. Making this novel approach available in the future for patients who would potentially benefit is largely dependent on understanding and addressing all those factors that impede the translation of this technology to the clinic. Cell‐associated factors in particular raise many challenges, including those related to cell sources, up‐ and downstream techniques, preservation, and the creation of in vitro microenvironments that enable cells to grow and function as far as possible as they would in vivo. This article highlights the main confounding issues associated with cells in tissue engineering and how these issues may hinder the advancement of therapeutic tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3157–3163, 2016.

A comprehensive study on donor‐matched comparisons of three types of mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from human dental tissue

“…[37][38][39] We studied the above-mentioned proliferation-related pathways and confirmed that continuous passages inhibited the AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. In fact, previous studies have shown that DPSCs have adequate proliferation between passages [11][12][13][14]34 and there was no difference in the cell proliferation rate in PDLSCs, DPSCs and GMSCs between P2 and P15. 40 However, in our study, we observed a decline in cell proliferation after continuous passages proven by a variety of methods.…”

“…A better understanding of the biological characteristics of dental MSCs is essential for seed cell selection in tissue engineering. Proliferation, senescence, stemness maintenance and committed differentiation are all points that must be taken into consideration . Because bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMMSCs) have been fully characterized, the properties of dental MSCs are often evaluated in comparison with BMMSCs .…”

“…Proliferation, senescence, stemness maintenance and committed differentiation are all points that must be taken into consideration. 12 Because bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) have been fully characterized, 13,14 the properties of dental MSCs are often evaluated in comparison with BMMSCs. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Similar to BMMSCs, DPSCs, PDLSCs and GMSCs are all capable of giving rise to at least three cell lineages, but dental stem cells are different in certain aspects of their properties compared with those of BMMSCs.…”

Emerging Trends in Information‐Driven Engineering of Complex Biological Systems

“…Many acellular scaffolds have been successful in the clinic; however, these challenges pose significant hurdles for cell-based therapies leading to fewer successes. [140][141][142] Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been an exciting cell source for cell-laden tissue scaffolds; however, their clinical translation is hindered by the choice of source (allogenic or autologous), the need to produce commercial scale quantities of cells, the need for strict control over differentiation to create pure cell populations with the desired phenotype/function, and the ability to do this in a cost-efficient manner (extensively reviewed elsewhere). [141] Regu latory pathways may change for acellular compared to cellbased scaffolds, depending on the country, market of interest and intended medical application.…”

“…[140] Cell-related challenges in tissue engineering have been outlined extensively elsewhere. [141] Regu latory pathways may change for acellular compared to cellbased scaffolds, depending on the country, market of interest and intended medical application. In the United States, cell free scaffolds may be treated as medical devices and regulated by the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH).…”