The significance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) (590-C/T) gene polymorphism in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects a large proportion of the population with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Even in healthy oral environmental conditions, some individuals are susceptible to dental caries due to potential genetic contribution. Antimicrobial peptides are expressed in oral cavity and play an important role against microbial colonization and form an important first line defense against cariogenic bacteria. In the present study, we attempt to identify genetic variants that would cause significant functional impact towards susceptibility to dental caries. We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) as predictors of dental caries in tamil ethnic population. A total of 120 subjects were recruited for this study, which included 60 dental caries patients (DMFT>5) and 60 healthy controls (DMFT=0). Three SNPs of 5’UTR regulatory elements of DEFB1 were genotyped by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The genotypes associated with susceptibility to caries were found to be significant between rs11362 (p=.025, odds ratio = 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.289-10.742), rs1799946 (p=.023, odds ratio=4.32, 95% CI = 1.33-14.028) gene polymorphisms and risk of dental caries (DMFT>5) in tamil ethnicity. The variant genotype GG of rs1800972 polymorphism was found to be high in cases than controls but was not significant (p=0.136). Our data suggested that β-defensin 1 polymorphisms play a role in the susceptibility to dental caries.

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The Potential of Lactobacillus casei on TNF- and IL-1 Levels Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Rahayu

Sumaryono

Sandi

2023

RJPT

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by insulin resistance which will cause blood glucose levels to increase. That factor can result in an increase of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- dan IL-1 which will cause the severity of the disease gets worse. Intraoral antidiabetic drugs have several side effects; therefore, it is necessary to provide probiotic supplements such as Lactobacillus casei to reduce levels of TNF- dan IL-1 so that type 2 diabetes mellitus doesn’t get worse. These bacteria can also increase levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. This study aims to learn and understand more deeply about the potential of Lactobacillus casei on TNF- and IL-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease by the pancreas not being able to produce the hormone insulin in large quantities due to insulin resistance caused by impaired insulin secretion in pancreas. TNF- and IL-1 is a cytokines that plays role in the body’s defense function, if cytokines produce in excess amount it will increase the inflammatory process. Lactobacillus casei is a probiotic bacterium that can be found in yoghurt, cheese, raw meat, and other food ingredients. Lactobacillus casei has the potential to reduce TNF- dan IL-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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The significance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) (590-C/T) gene polymorphism in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Association between diabetic retinopathy and polymorphisms of cytokine genes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between diabetic retinopathy and polymorphisms of cytokine genes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of β-defensin 1 gene Polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility in Tamil Ethnicity

The Potential of Lactobacillus casei on TNF- and IL-1 Levels Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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