The simultaneous determination of gold, silver and cadmium at ppb levels in silicate rocks by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization

Barredo, F. Bea; Polo, Carmen; Diez, L.Polo

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)84528-1

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Normally, an additional preconcentration step must be performed after acid digestion during the analysis of ultra-low gold contents in rocks. The commonly used enrichment methods use precipitation [26,80,81,82,83], ion exchange resins [5,71,81,84,85,86,87,88], solvent extraction [27,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98], polyurethane foam (PUF) [99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130], extraction chromatography [36,131,132,133], and solid adsorbents [134,135,…”

Section: Wet Acid Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is difficult to elute the AuCl 4 − species strongly adsorbed on the anion resin surface. Barredo and Polo [84] developed a method for the analysis of Au, Ag, and Cd in rock samples, which were digested with HF, aqua regia, and HClO 4 , preconcentrated with Dowex 1-X8 anion resin, and eluted with ammonia solution.…”

Section: Wet Acid Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks

2019

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The gold abundance in basic rocks, which normally varies between 0.5 and 5 ppb, has served as a very important indicator in many geoscience studies, including those focused on the planetary differentiation, redistribution of elements during the crustal process, and ore genesis. However, because gold is a monoisotopic element that exhibits a nugget effect, it is very difficult to quantify its ultra-low levels in rocks, which significantly limits our understanding of the origin of gold and its circulation between the Earth crust, mantle, and core. In this work, we summarize various sample digestion and combined preconcentration methods for the determination of gold amounts in rocks. They include fire assay, fire assay combined with Te coprecipitation and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, fusion combined with Te coprecipitation and anion exchange resins, dry chlorination, wet acid digestion combined with precipitation, ion exchange resins, solvent extraction, polyurethane foam, extraction chromatography, novel solid adsorbents, and direct determination by INAA. In addition, the faced challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.

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Section: Wet Acid Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wet Acid Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks

2019

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“…The dominant method of pretreatment is by nickel sulfide fire assay, but the large quantities of reagents required often elevate the blank levels to low nanogram per gram levels. , Other pretreatment methods include coprecipitation of Au on Te or Hg, but these processes are complex, time-consuming, and may cause contamination of samples. Isolation of Au using ion-exchange chromatography serves to both preconcentrate Au and remove matrix elements, and this process has been widely investigated. − However, anion-exchange resins such as Dowex 1-X8 require large volumes of highly concentrated eluent such as thiourea or 2 M ammonia solution that can interfere with the subsequent analytical stages . Furthermore, Au may be difficult to remove quantitatively from anion-exchange resin when in low concentration …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of Au using ion-exchange chromatography serves to both pre- concentrate Au and remove matrix elements, and this process has been widely investigated. [20][21][22][23][24] However, anion-exchange resins such as Dowex 1-X8 require large volumes of highly concentrated eluent such as thiourea or 2 M ammonia solution that can interfere with the subsequent analytical stages. 22 Furthermore, Au may be difficult to remove quantitatively from anion-exchange resin when in low concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23][24] However, anion-exchange resins such as Dowex 1-X8 require large volumes of highly concentrated eluent such as thiourea or 2 M ammonia solution that can interfere with the subsequent analytical stages. 22 Furthermore, Au may be difficult to remove quantitatively from anion-exchange resin when in low concentration. 24 The extraction of gold as AuCl 4or AuBr 4complexes into organic solvents such as ethyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone has been used extensively 13,[25][26][27][28][29][30] and provides a selective technique for Au extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Method for Ultra-Low-Level Analysis of Gold in Rocks

et al. 2006

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A new method for analyzing gold at ultralow concentrations (<10 pg/g) in geological samples has been developed involving HF-aqua regia acid digestion, chromatographic separation of Au from matrix elements using DIBK supported on an inert resin, and analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). This method has an analytical detection limit of 2 parts per trillion (pg/g), significantly lower than most routinely used methods developed for analysis of ore samples with Au concentrations considerably higher than average crustal abundance ( approximately 2 ng/g). Such methods commonly have detection limits in the low nanogram per gram range. Many areas of geological research including ore genesis, crustal mobility and redistribution, planetary differentiation, and plume volcanism require quantitative analysis of geological materials with much lower Au concentrations. We present a rapid, easy to use method where Au is separated from matrix elements onto extractant primed chromatographic resin and analyzed by quadrupole ICPMS. The method is suitable for the relatively rapid analysis of a large number of samples and is reliable over a wide range of concentrations from picogram to microgram per gram level. Analysis of four different geostandards, GXR1, GXR4, CH-3, and SARM 7, yields concentrations within error of the published concentrations with accuracies of >95%.

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Direct determination of silver in geological reference samples after aqua regia leach by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with matrix modification

Hämäläinen

Smolander²,

Karttunen³

1988

Z. Anal. Chem.

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The simultaneous determination of gold, silver and cadmium at ppb levels in silicate rocks by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks

Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks

Method for Ultra-Low-Level Analysis of Gold in Rocks

Direct determination of silver in geological reference samples after aqua regia leach by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with matrix modification

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