The Social Biology of the Olympic Marmot

Barash, David P.

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(73)90002-x

Cited by 179 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It was reported in only 16 out of 29 bird studies (Matthysen 2005) and was absent in some studies of small (Rodgers 1990;Hanski et al 1991) and medium-sized mammals (Boutin et al 1985;Holekamp 1986), in large herbivores and in large carnivores (Gese & Mech 1991;Zedrosser et al 2007). A positive relationship between dispersal and density has been reported in birds (13 out of the 16 studies showing density dependence; Matthysen 2005), in lizards (Lena et al 1998), in small rodents (Barash 1973) and in ungulates (Clutton-Brock et al 2002;Fan et al 2003;Catchpole et al 2004). However, despite the overall conclusion of Matthysen (2005), dispersal is also frequently negatively density dependent, as reported for birds (Delestrade et al 1996;Wiklund 1996), small mammals (Lambin et al 2001;Ims & Andreassen 2005) and bears (Ursus arctos) (Swenson et al 1998;Støen et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative density-dependent emigration of males in an increasing red deer population

et al. 2009

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In species with polygynous mating systems, females are regarded as food-limited, while males are limited by access to mates. When local density increases, forage availability declines, while mate access for males may increase due to an increasingly female-biased sex ratio. Density dependence in emigration rates may consequently differ between sexes. Here, we investigate emigration using mark-recovery data from 468 young red deer Cervus elaphus marked in Snillfjord, Norway over a 20-year period when the population size has increased sixfold. We demonstrate a strong negative density-dependent emigration rate in males, while female emigration rates were lower and independent of density. Emigrating males leaving the natal range settled in areas with lower density than expected by chance. Dispersing males moved 42 per cent longer at high density in 1997 (37 km) than at low density in 1977 (26 km), possibly caused by increasing saturation of deer in areas surrounding the marking sites. Our study highlights that pattern of density dependence in dispersal rates may differ markedly between sexes in highly polygynous species. Contrasting patterns reported in small-scale studies are suggestive that spatial scale of density variation may affect the pattern of temporal density dependence in emigration rates and distances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative density-dependent emigration of males in an increasing red deer population

et al. 2009

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“…Alarm call production All species were previously reported to produce multiple alarm and non-alarm vocalizations (Barash, 1973;Heard, 1977;Taulman, 1977;see Results). All three species often repeated their alarm vocalizations-whistles of various durations and 'shapes.'…”

Section: Study Sites and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 14 species of marmots emit from one to ve species-speci c alarm vocalizations (Nikolskii, 1984;Blumstein & Armitage, 1997b, Results). While all three species were previously reported to produce multiple alarm calls (Barash, 1973;Heard, 1977;Taulman, 1977), alarm communication was not studied in enough detail to determine the degree to which call types were referential, or to specify the ways in which each species communicated risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it seems reasonable to assume they should have similar communicative abilities. Given that previous evidence suggested that Olympic and hoary marmot calls communicate the degree of risk a caller experiences (Barash, 1973;Taulman, 1977) while Vancouver Island marmot calls were said to communicate predator type (Heard, 1977), a goal of this study was to determine, more critically, the degree to which the ways used to communicate situation also varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alarm Calling in Three Species of Marmots

Blumstein

1999

Behav

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SummaryMany species produce alarm calls that vary according to situation. Theoretically, alarm call structure could covary with predator type and could communicate potentially "referential" information, or calls could covary with the degree of risk a caller experienced when it emitted a call. Using similar methods, I studied the ways in which Olympic (Marmota olympus), hoary (M. caligata), and Vancouver Island marmots (M. vancouverensis) communicated situational variation. I observed both natural alarm calling, and I arti cially elicited alarm

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“…By contrast, many females in the East River Valley breed annually. Barash (1973aBarash ( , 1974b suggested that the gradient of sociality observed among species of Marmota is the result of a necessity to inhibit early dispersal and to closely regulate population size in severe environments. Predictions generated by his hypothesis were supported by studies examining social behavior of hoary marmots (M. caligata) and of yellowbellied marmots (Barash 1973b(Barash , 1974a.…”

Section: Adult Female Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioecology of Marmots: Female Reproductive Strategies

Andersen¹,

Armitage²,

Hoffmann³

1976

Ecology

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Abstract. The relationship between female reproductive success and both spring food and hibernacula resources was examined in a high-altitude population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). The number of offspring a female weaned was significantly associated with the estimated number she could potentially produce, based on food resources. The production of young by these females is probably food limited to varying degrees. Hibernacula may be a restricted resource; young reared in an area without a hibernaculum were not recaptured as yearlings. Delaying pregnancy until forage is available fails as a strategy because young have insufficient time to accumulate fat for hibernation. Adult females deposit fat at a single maximum rate regardless of reproductive history; few females gain weight prior to weaning their young. In areas with short growing seasons, measured as the period during which nonreproductive adults gain weight, females may occasionally or regularly fail to reproduce in consecutive years. The short period of time following weaning may not permit the accumulation of fat sufficient to provide energy for hibernation, postemergence activity, and reproduction. The growth rate (g/day) of young marmots is greater at high than at intermediate elevations. This increase in growth rate warrants further examination of the hypothesis that increased sociality among marmots living in areas with short growing seasons is a response to decreased growth rates of young animals.

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The Social Biology of the Olympic Marmot

Cited by 179 publications

References 28 publications

Negative density-dependent emigration of males in an increasing red deer population

Negative density-dependent emigration of males in an increasing red deer population

Alarm Calling in Three Species of Marmots

Socioecology of Marmots: Female Reproductive Strategies

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