The solubilities of poorly soluble electrolytes in complex solutions

Mathematical modeling of tin‐free chemically‐active antifouling paint behavior

“…Contrarily, when the S‐L equilibrium Cu(OH) 2 is considered, Cu 2+ concentration values close to saturation are predicted. If even more insoluble salts, such as malachite (Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 ), azurite (Cu 3 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ), or, generically, Cu x (OH) y (CO 3 ) z Cl 2x − y − 2z ,1, 53, 54 are taken into account, then the formation of inorganic Cu 2+ precipitates is found to be thermodynamically stable in the proximity of the pigment front. A thorough analysis of the effect of copper leaching rates, leached layer thickness, leached layer tortuosity factor, and seawater conditions (that is, pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved O 2 ) on the possibility of BCC precipitation can be easily performed with the model.…”