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Este trabajo se inserta dentro de dos proyectos de investigación: Estudio sobre la variación «antepresente por pretérito» en contextos aorísticos en el habla coloquial de la región de Salamanca en comparación con otras zonas hispanas (FFI2010-19881) SuSana azpiazu TorreS Universidad de SalamancaResumen. El trabajo se ocupa del modo en que se manifiesta la evolución del pretérito perfecto compuesto (o «antepresente») hacia usos propios del pretérito perfecto simple (o «pretérito») en dos variedades del español peninsular: el habla de Salamanca y la de San Sebastián. A partir de los modelos que postulan un proceso lineal de «gramaticalización» o «aoristización» del antepresente, que se consolida en la Península en los contextos hodiernales (eventos sucedidos el mismo día de habla) y se extiende progresivamente hacia los prehodiernales (eventos anteriores al día de habla), presentamos un cuadro de variación más complejo, según el cual el habla norteña (San Sebastián) cumple con el modelo, pero no lo hace el uso castellano de Salamanca. En esta ciudad se detectan casos de una «deriva aorística» del antepresente en contextos prehodiernales antes de que se haya consolidado en los hodiernales. Ello nos obliga a plantear una propuesta alternativa al modelo más aceptado de «aoristización» en español peninsular. Palabras clave: antepresente, pretérito, «aoristización» del perfecto, español peninsular.AbstRAct. The paper deals with the ways the Present Perfect develops to Simple Past values in two regional varieties of Peninsular Spanish: Salamanca and San Sebastián. Starting from models VERBA, 2015, vol. 42: 269-292 • SECCIÓN ARTIGOS Susana Azpiazu Torres 270which propose a linear process of grammaticalization or «aoristization» of the Present Perfect that consolidate in hodiernal contexts (occurring on the same day as the speech event) and gradually extends to prehodiernal ones (occurring before the 'today' of the speech event), we present a more complex description of the Peninsular varieties, according to which San Sebastián's but not Salamanca's speech fulfills the expecting model. In Salamanca an «aoristic drift» of the Present Perfect in prehodiernal contexts is shown before it becomes consolidated in the hodiernal ones. We are thus obliged to set out an alternative proposal to the most generally accepted pattern of «aoristization» in Peninsular Spanish.
Este trabajo se inserta dentro de dos proyectos de investigación: Estudio sobre la variación «antepresente por pretérito» en contextos aorísticos en el habla coloquial de la región de Salamanca en comparación con otras zonas hispanas (FFI2010-19881) SuSana azpiazu TorreS Universidad de SalamancaResumen. El trabajo se ocupa del modo en que se manifiesta la evolución del pretérito perfecto compuesto (o «antepresente») hacia usos propios del pretérito perfecto simple (o «pretérito») en dos variedades del español peninsular: el habla de Salamanca y la de San Sebastián. A partir de los modelos que postulan un proceso lineal de «gramaticalización» o «aoristización» del antepresente, que se consolida en la Península en los contextos hodiernales (eventos sucedidos el mismo día de habla) y se extiende progresivamente hacia los prehodiernales (eventos anteriores al día de habla), presentamos un cuadro de variación más complejo, según el cual el habla norteña (San Sebastián) cumple con el modelo, pero no lo hace el uso castellano de Salamanca. En esta ciudad se detectan casos de una «deriva aorística» del antepresente en contextos prehodiernales antes de que se haya consolidado en los hodiernales. Ello nos obliga a plantear una propuesta alternativa al modelo más aceptado de «aoristización» en español peninsular. Palabras clave: antepresente, pretérito, «aoristización» del perfecto, español peninsular.AbstRAct. The paper deals with the ways the Present Perfect develops to Simple Past values in two regional varieties of Peninsular Spanish: Salamanca and San Sebastián. Starting from models VERBA, 2015, vol. 42: 269-292 • SECCIÓN ARTIGOS Susana Azpiazu Torres 270which propose a linear process of grammaticalization or «aoristization» of the Present Perfect that consolidate in hodiernal contexts (occurring on the same day as the speech event) and gradually extends to prehodiernal ones (occurring before the 'today' of the speech event), we present a more complex description of the Peninsular varieties, according to which San Sebastián's but not Salamanca's speech fulfills the expecting model. In Salamanca an «aoristic drift» of the Present Perfect in prehodiernal contexts is shown before it becomes consolidated in the hodiernal ones. We are thus obliged to set out an alternative proposal to the most generally accepted pattern of «aoristization» in Peninsular Spanish.
The western European present perfect is subject to substantial crosslinguistic variation. The literature, however, focuses on individual languages or on comparisons of a restricted number of languages. We piece together the puzzle and do so in a data-driven way by comparing the use of the present perfect through a parallel corpus based on the French novel L’Étranger and its translations in Italian, German, Dutch, European Spanish, British English, and Modern Greek. We introduce and showcase Translation Mining, a software suite combining a parallel corpus database with annotation and analysis tools. Translation Mining allows us to generate descriptive statistics of tense use across languages but also to visualize variation through its multidimensional scaling component and to link the variation we find to the underlying data through its integrated setup. We confirm that the present perfect competes with the past and we reveal the fine-grained scalar nature of the variation. To complete the puzzle, we ascertain the dimensions of variation, ranging from lexical and compositional semantics to dynamic semantics and pragmatics.1
We analyze a handful of morphosyntactic features of Yagua Spanish (YS), a contact variety of Spanish spoken in the Amazon. Our results, from sociolinguistic interviews and film narrations conducted with 10 YS speakers from Comandancia, located along Peru’s Orosa River, suggest that YS is characterized by significant occurrence of leísmo, null direct objects, and non-canonical use of the Present Perfect. Analyses based on language proficiency reveal that the Yagua-dominant bilinguals, who learned Spanish primarily as adults, show higher rates of these non-pan-Latin American forms as compared to the Spanish-dominant bilinguals who acquired Spanish earlier in life. We explore the origins of these linguistic features and add to what is known of emerging varieties of Spanish in the Amazon region.
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