Land surface is one of the important components of the earth climate system, and soil temperature (ST) is a key factor of land surface processes. As an indicator of heat storage in land surface, ST plays an important role in land-atmosphere interactions. The anomalies in ST can change surface sensible flux, latent flux, longwave radiation, etc., and further affect weather and climate on multiple time scales (Q. Hu & Feng, 2004;Mahanama et al., 2008;Wu & Zhang, 2014). Moreover, ST can change the locations and intensities of precipitation by affecting the development of convection (Fan, 2009;Y. Liu & Avissar, 1999;Xue et al., 2018), and also facilitates the occurrence of the extreme heat events by local land-atmosphere coupling and changing atmospheric circulation (Gómez et al., 2016).The anomalies of ST usually depend on atmospheric anomalies, which are resulted from the anomalous sea surface temperature and sea ice, etc., and then ST anomalies can affect subsequent atmosphere by the persistence of the anomalies. For example, anomalous ST in winter can affect the precipitation in following spring (Tang et al., 1987), and ST in late spring correlates well with summer precipitation (Mahanama et al., 2008). Y. H. Wang et al. (2013) revealed that ST in May over Northwest China can affect summer precipitation by changing the East Asian summer monsoon. Ma (1995) found that there is a close relationship between antecedent ST anomalies and the subsequent floods in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin. Xue et al. (2018) demonstrated that spring land surface and subsurface temperature anomalies have important effects on the subsequent downstream droughts/floods in late spring-summer over North America and East Asia.The relationship between ST and subsequent atmosphere depends on the persistence of antecedent ST anomalies, which is also known as ST memory. ST anomalies can persist for a period ranging from 1 month to years, with the dependence of season, soil depth and climate regime, etc (Y. Liu & Avissar, 1999;K. Yang & Zhang, 2016). For example, in cold regions, ST anomalies in autumn can be stored in the frozen soil during the winter, and then reappear at the surface during the thaw (Matsumura & Yamazaki, 2012;Schaefer et al., 2007