The specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the Coccidia of the fowl

Joyner, L. P.; Long, P. L.

doi:10.1080/03079457409353827

Cited by 93 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The fowl coccidia (Eimeria spp.) and the diseases they cause are well documented (Davies et al ., 1963;Joyner & Long, 1974;Pellérdy, 1974;Joyner, 1978;Long & Reid, 1982). Seven Eimeria species, Eimeria acervulina , Eimeria brunetti , Eimeria maxima , Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix , Eimeria praecox and Eimeria tenella , are now accepted (Shirley, 1986), but sometimes only six or as many as nine (Long & Reid, 1982) were recognized in the recent past.…”

Section: Coccidiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coloured illustrations of coccidial lesions are available Conway & McKenzie, 1991). While the diagnostic methods described by Joyner & Long (1974), , Joyner (1978) and Long & Reid (1982) are adequate in experienced hands, misdiagnoses are still possible. Perhaps the most common results from confusion between subclinical coccidiosis and coccidiasis (see Catchpole, 2000).…”

Section: Coccidiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Rb¹

2005

Avian Pathology

430

319

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Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) are globally common, sometimes intercurrent, diseases of poultry. The risk of NE, due to the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens, has increased in recent years because of the voluntary or legally required withdrawal of the use of certain in-feed antibiotic growth promoters with anticlostridial activity. In-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs incidentally also possess anticlostridial activity. Such ionophores, although not banned, are usually precluded when live anticoccidial vaccines are used, potentially increasing yet further the risk of NE. This review provides information for the design of rational, integrated management strategies for the prevention and control of coccidiosis and NE in chickens by maintaining gut integrity. Because of differences in local availability of feed ingredients and national legislations regarding antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial vaccine licensing, no universal strategy is applicable. The diseases and their interactions are described under the headings of forms of disease, diagnosis, sources of infection, pathophysiological effects, predisposing factors, and control methods. Elements of gut integrity, which influences host predisposition and clinical responses to disease, include physical development, immune competence, gut enzyme activity, mucin production, gut flora and epithelial damage. Experimental studies of coccidiosis and NE are compared, and where possible reconciled, with field observations. Gaps in knowledge and necessary further experiments are identified. Insights are provided regarding interactions between coccidiosis, NE, and the use of live anticoccidial vaccines. Recent changes in NE prevalence in commercial flocks, and their possible causes, are discussed. The necessarily wide range of topics reviewed emphasizes the enormous complexity of this disease combination, and indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce its harmful impact on the world's poultry industry.

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Section: Coccidiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coccidiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Rb¹

2005

Avian Pathology

430

319

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“…Avian coccidiosis is characterized as an infectious protozoan disease caused by gut parasites of the genus Eimeria (Coccidia subclass) [ 2 ]. So far, nine Eimeria species, E. acervulina , E. brunetti , E. maxima , E. necatrix , E. praecox , E. mitis , E. tenella , E. mivati , and E. hagani , have been identified from chickens [ 3 ]. These parasites can infect and multiply within the mucosal epithelia in different parts of bird guts via oral route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions

Muthamilselvan

Kuo

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

130

104

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Coccidiosis is the bane of the poultry industry causing considerable economic loss. Eimeria species are known as protozoan parasites to cause morbidity and death in poultry. In addition to anticoccidial chemicals and vaccines, natural products are emerging as an alternative and complementary way to control avian coccidiosis. In this review, we update recent advances in the use of anticoccidial phytoextracts and phytocompounds, which cover 32 plants and 40 phytocompounds, following a database search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Four plant products commercially available for coccidiosis are included and discussed. We also highlight the chemical and biological properties of the plants and compounds as related to coccidiosis control. Emphasis is placed on the modes of action of the anticoccidial plants and compounds such as interference with the life cycle of Eimeria, regulation of host immunity to Eimeria, growth regulation of gut bacteria, and/or multiple mechanisms. Biological actions, mechanisms, and prophylactic/therapeutic potential of the compounds and extracts of plant origin in coccidiosis are summarized and discussed.

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“…that exhibit strong site-specificity of development in the chicken intestine. Eimeria tenella develops within cells of the caecum and caecal tonsils located at the ileocecal junction, whereas Eimeria acervulina infects cells of the duodenum and Eimeria maxima infects cells of the jejunum [7]. E. tenella possesses a MARR-containing microneme protein, EtMIC3, which is composed of seven tandem MARR that belong exclusively to the MAR1 family [3], [8], [9] (Figure S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sialyl Glycan Recognition in Host Tissue Tropism of the Avian Parasite Eimeria tenella

Lai

Bumstead²,

Liu

et al. 2011

PLoS Pathog

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Eimeria spp. are a highly successful group of intracellular protozoan parasites that develop within intestinal epithelial cells of poultry, causing coccidiosis. As a result of resistance against anticoccidial drugs and the expense of manufacturing live vaccines, it is necessary to understand the relationship between Eimeria and its host more deeply, with a view to developing recombinant vaccines. Eimeria possesses a family of microneme lectins (MICs) that contain microneme adhesive repeat regions (MARR). We show that the major MARR protein from Eimeria tenella, EtMIC3, is deployed at the parasite-host interface during the early stages of invasion. EtMIC3 consists of seven tandem MAR1-type domains, which possess a high specificity for sialylated glycans as shown by cell-based assays and carbohydrate microarray analyses. The restricted tissue staining pattern observed for EtMIC3 in the chicken caecal epithelium indicates that EtMIC3 contributes to guiding the parasite to the site of invasion in the chicken gut. The microarray analyses also reveal a lack of recognition of glycan sequences terminating in the N-glycolyl form of sialic acid by EtMIC3. Thus the parasite is well adapted to the avian host which lacks N-glycolyl neuraminic acid. We provide new structural insight into the MAR1 family of domains and reveal the atomic resolution basis for the sialic acid-based carbohydrate recognition. Finally, a preliminary chicken immunization trial provides evidence that recombinant EtMIC3 protein and EtMIC3 DNA are effective vaccine candidates.

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The specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the Coccidia of the fowl

Cited by 93 publications

References 39 publications

Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions

The Role of Sialyl Glycan Recognition in Host Tissue Tropism of the Avian Parasite Eimeria tenella

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