The spectroscopy of highly ionised atoms

Martinson, I.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/52/2/002

Cited by 95 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 478 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…The study of isoelectronic trends of complex ions for which few or no spectroscopically reliable predictions exist has been a corner stone of accelerator-based spectroscopy [55,56,57]. We are continuing such measurements on the Livermore electron beam ion traps.…”

Section: Isoelectronic Trends Of Complex Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Charged Ion Research at the Livermore Electron Beam Ion Traps

Beiersdörfer

2005

Phys. Scr.

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Spectroscopy performed with the three Livermore electron beam ion traps is reviewed, which is continuing and complementing the innumerable contributions to atomic physics provided over the years by heavy-ion accelerators. Numerous spectrometers were developed that cover the spectral bands from the visible to the hard x ray region. These enabled exhaustive line surveys useful for x-ray astrophysics and for systematic studies along iso-electronic sequences, such as the 4s-4p, 3s-3p, and 2s-2p transitions in ions of the Cu-I, Na-I, and Li-I sequences useful for studying QED and correlation effects as well as for precise determinations of atomic-nuclear interactions. They also enabled measurements of radiative transition probabilities of very long-lived (milli-and microseconds) and very short-live (femtosecond) levels. Because line excitation processes can be controlled by choice of the electron beam energy, the observed line intensities are used to infer cross sections for electron-impact excitation, dielectronic recombination, resonance excitation, and innershell ionization. These capabilities have recently been expanded to simulate x-ray emission from comets by charge exchange. Specific contributions to basic atomic physics, nuclear physics, and high-temperature diagnostics are illustrated.

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Section: Isoelectronic Trends Of Complex Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Charged Ion Research at the Livermore Electron Beam Ion Traps

Beiersdörfer

2005

Phys. Scr.

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“…For 1 rather larger than unity, but not necessarily close to n, we must use (r) = ½13n2 _ l (t + 1)1 a o/2, rather than simply n2ao/Z, and this leads to the result more general than that given in (3), namely, (4).) The limits n~ n and nma x are determined by the available laser radiation and are determined from (10) Z I/erR ~min nmax 2 t0 2 4 6 8 6 18 8 7 8 25 16 5 17 53 20 5 22 67 This simple estimate of the/-dependence of ncrit is due to Prof. S. Lundeen [15], and extends the domain of validity of some of our earlier estimates.…”

Section: A Significance Of Retardation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ions could have a range of values of nuclear charge Z, of degree of ionization, and of atomic states. A thorough review of the experimental and theoretical aspects of the spectroscopy of highly charged ions can be found in [4]. It was pointed out some time ago [5] that a Rydberg helium atom -with one electrom in a ls state and the other in an nl state, with n, l>> 1 and n and l, respectively, the principal and orbital quantum numbers -was an excellent candidate for a system which could provide perhaps the first high precision confirmation of a retardation effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retardation (Casimir) energy shifts for Rydberg helium-like low-Z ions

Babb

Habs

Spruch

et al. 1992

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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Abstract. The development of storage rings and electromagnetic traps for heavy charged particles is opening up new regimes of atomic physics, including, in particular, spectroscopic studies of Rydberg helium-like ions -with nuclear charge Z, one electron in the ls state, and one electron in a near-hydrogenic state of high n and l< n, with n and I the principal and orbital quantum numbers, respectively. We consider the possibility of detecting energy shifts due to retardation, AEre t (n, I), Casimir-like effects. These are quantum electrodynamic (QED) retardation effects associated with the finite speed of light. (As opposed to basically kinematic and dynamic QED effects for small quantum numbers n and l, the appropriate expansion parameter for n and I large for retardation QED corrections is not Z(e 2~he ) but [(Z -1)/n 2Z 2](~,/C/e ~).) We wish to provide some orientation to those planning experiments in the area, with regard to the choices of n, l, and Z most likely to be able to generate a high-precision confirmation of a retarded interaction. To do so, we provide extensive tables of estimates, for 1 s, nl states, of AEret(n, l), of radiative widths, and of E, the spin-independent ("electric" fine structure) energy in the absence of retardation shifts, for (nuclear spin zero) ions with Z = 2, 6, 8, t6 and 20. These ions might be experimentally accessible in storage rings, and the Z's are low enough that virtual pair production effects may not yet be significant. There is also a brief survey of possible experimental techniques.

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“…Although highly abundant in the universe, HCI do not occur naturally on earth, as temperatures needed for their production easily exceed 10 5 K. However, HCI up to even H-like uranium have become available in a few laboratories, either with accelerators [8] feeding ion storage rings [9,10], or by means of electron beam ion traps (EBITs) [11,12,13]. A great variety of spectroscopic methods have been applied [14] to cover the broad emission spectrum of HCI, from the infrared up to the hard X-ray range. Spectroscopy of neutral atoms and molecules was revolutionized by the advent of lasers, with impressive examples, such as the ∆ν⁄ν=1.8⋅10 -14 (or even better) accuracy demonstrated in measurements of the absolute 1S-2S transition frequency ν in atomic hydrogen [15], an improvement compared to conventional spectroscopy by several orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray laser spectroscopy of highly charged ions at FLASH

Epp

López‐Urrutia

Simon

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract. Laser spectroscopy, widely applied in physics and chemistry, is extended into the soft x-ray region for the first time. Resonant fluorescence excitation of highly charged ions (HCI) by soft x-ray free-electron lasers shows here the potential for unprecedented precision on photonic transitions hitherto out of reach. The novel experiments combine an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) with the Free-electron LASer at Hamburg (FLASH) to measure resonant fluorescence by trapped HCI as a function of the wavelength. The present experiments reach already the performance of conventional soft and hard X-ray spectroscopy. We present the results obtained for three fundamental and theoretically challenging transitions in Li-like ions, namely 1s 2 2s 2 S 1/2 -1s 2 2p 2 P 1/2 in Fe 23+ at 48.6 eV, in Cu 27+ at 55.2 eV, and 1s 2 2s 2 S 1/2 -1s 2 2p 2 P 3/2 in Fe 23+ at 65.3 eV. The latter demonstrates laser spectroscopy of multiply or highly charged ions at more than one order of magnitude higher energies than hitherto reported. Resolving power leading to relative precision up to 6 parts-per-million points to the possibility of providing an atomic absolute wavelength standards in this spectral region, which is still lacking.

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The spectroscopy of highly ionised atoms

Cited by 95 publications

References 478 publications

Highly Charged Ion Research at the Livermore Electron Beam Ion Traps

Highly Charged Ion Research at the Livermore Electron Beam Ion Traps

Retardation (Casimir) energy shifts for Rydberg helium-like low-Z ions

X-ray laser spectroscopy of highly charged ions at FLASH

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