The spermatogenic and ovogenic effects of chronically administered Shilajit to rats

Park, Jeong Sook; Kim, Gee-Young; Han, Ke

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.039

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…MP, also known as shilajit, is a sulfur-containing compound, which tested positive for sterols, tannins, amino acids and carbohydrates (Tables 5 and 6), an observation consistent with the literature (Khanna et al, 2008;Park et al, 2006). The HPTLC profile of the aqueous extract of MP revealed the presence of nine components (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is the end product of plant matter trapped within the rocks in Himalayan Mountains, and ejects from crevices of rocks in the lower Himalayas and Nepal during hot weather. MP is composed of gums, albuminoids, calcium, potassium, nitrogen, silica, resin, vegetable matter, magnesium, sulfur, iron, chloride, phosphorous, iodine, glycosides, tannic acid, benzoic acid and a number of vitamins and enzymes (Park et al, 2006). Dibenzo-a-pyrones along with humic and fulvic acids, which act as carrier molecules for the active ingredients, have been found responsible for the major physiological action of MP (Ghosal, 1990;Ghosal et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice

Rubab

Routray

Mahmood

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Mineral pitch (MP), a traditional medicine, is proposed to boost immunity in conditions that suppress Th1 cytokines such as AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis and cancer. Objective: This study investigates the immunoregulatory mechanisms of MP in innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Materials and methods: Mice given MP (100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days were immunized intravenously with goat RBC or ovalbumin, and investigated for plaqueforming cells (PFC), hemagglutination titer, hypersensitivity response, lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function. Results: MP increased PFC (330.2 versus 182.2/10 6 splenocytes) in mice immunized with goat RBC and elicited ovalbumin-specific IgG titer at 400 mg/kg. Increase in Th1 immunity was correlated with the increased level of IFN-g (724 versus 470 pg/ml) and decreased IL-4 (96 versus 178 pg/ml). CD4 þ /CD3þ ratio and delayed-type hypersensitivity response also increased to, respectively, 20.62 AE 0.59 (versus 16.47 AE 0.72) and 1.59 AE 0.12 (versus 0.87 AE 0.10 mm) in MP-treated mice. MP increased lymphocyte proliferation (11.14 AE 0.60 versus 5.81 AE 0.40 SI) and macrophage phagocyte response (0.24 AE 0.02 versus 0.15 AE 0.009), expressed as absorbance at 570 nm, but decreased nitrite production (17.4 AE 1.10 versus 24.3 AE 1.30 mM/10 6 cells). We also observed an increased bone marrow cellularity (24.5 AE 1.10 versus 17.10 AE 0.70 cells/femur) and WBC count (12 667 AE 377 versus 9178 AE 213 cells/mm 3 ) following MP treatment. There was no sign of toxicity at 400 mg/kg, 1/12th of reported LD 50 . Conclusion: MP elicits a dose-dependent Th1 immune response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice

Rubab

Routray

Mahmood

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…By having many herbo-minerals and bioactive principles, such as humic acid (low molecular weight substances like phenolic acids, anti-oxidants and free radical scavengers) and dibenzo-α-pyrones (DBPs), DBP-chromoproteins and fulvic acids with DBP core, Shilajit is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions by having antibacterial, anti-arthritic, antiulcerogenic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-radical, spermatogenic and ovogenic, anti-aging and energetic properties [52][53][54][55][56][57]. Shilajit has been used for both preventative health and for treating many diseases (such as allergies, diabetes, hypertension, loss of memory, immune dysfunction, arthritis, loss of libido, etc) for more than 3000 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

Fleck¹,

Rc²,

Jt³

et al. 2014

Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

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The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Crominex 3+ (a complex of trivalent chromium, Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) extract and purified Shilajit) in moderately arthritic dogs. Eleven client-owned moderately arthritic dogs in a randomized double-blinded study received placebo or Crominex 3+ twice daily for a period of 150 days. On a monthly basis, each dog was evaluated for arthritis associated pain (overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation and pain after physical exertion) and a full physical exam (body weight, body temperature and heart rate). At the same time intervals, dogs serum samples were examined for biomarkers of kidney (BUN and creatinine), liver (bilirubin, ALT and AST) and heart and skeletal muscle (CK) functions. Findings of this investigation revealed that dogs receiving Crominex 3+ (1000 µg chromium, 15 mg Amla extract and 15 mg purified Shilajit per day in two divided doses) exhibited a significant (P<0.05) reduction in arthritic pain noted as early as after 90 days with a maximum reduction after 150 days of treatment. Pain level remained the same or slightly increased in the dogs receiving placebo. No significant change occurred in physical parameters or serum biomarkers in dogs on placebo or Crominex 3+, which suggested that Crominex 3+ was well tolerated by arthritic dogs. In conclusion, Crominex 3+ significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated arthritic pain and improved quality of life without causing any untoward effects in moderately arthritic dogs. [3][4][5]. OA is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by chronic and progressive cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane, which eventually results in decreased stability, movement, loading, stiffness of joints, lameness and pain [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Introduction Anti-Arthritic EfficacyIn the early stages of OA, a progressive depletion of the cartilage proteoglycan leads to a net loss of matrix from the cartilage [16,17]. Breakdown and deterioration of the cartilage have been correlated with increased activities of certain enzymes including the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The increased cartilage lesions in OA have also been correlated with the enhanced levels of 14,16]. These cascading events lead to increased friction and inflammation in the joints. To date, there are no serum, urinary or synovial biomarkers that are specific and validated for OA [18].Common signs and symptoms associated with OA in dogs include limping, immobility, stiffness of joints, crepitus, periarticular swelling, palpable effusion, pain upon manipulation of the joint and lameness [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The diagnosis of OA in canine patients is based upon history, physical exam and radiographic evidence. Finally, MRI findings reveal the changes of joint and cartilage degeneration consistent with OA [26][27][28][29][30].Canines with OA are treated with multipronged approaches, involving i...

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“…PS serbest radikal seviyesinin baskılanması üzeri-ne de önemli derecede katkı yapmaktadır. Polimerizasyona neden olan hidroksil radikaline karşı, metil metakrilat korumasını sağladığı ve etkili bir biçimde nitrik oksit serbest radikallerinin etkisini azalttığı ifade edilmiştir (13)(14)(15)(16) germinal epitelde ve seminifer tübül bazal membranında düzensizlikler, interstisyel alanda ödem gözlendi (Resim 3, 4). MTX+PS grubunda, germinal epitelde düzensizlik ve lümenine germinal epitel hücrelerinin dökülmüş olduğu birkaç tübül dışında herhangi bir patolojiye rastlanmadı (Resim 5, 6).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Siçanlarda Metotreksat Kaynakli Testi̇s Hasari Üzeri̇ne Shi̇laji̇ti̇n’i̇n Hi̇stopatoloji̇k Etki̇si̇

Güven¹,

Erişgin²,

Tekelioğlu³

2017

Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi

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ÖZ AMAÇ:Günümüzde antimetabolit grubunun kullanılan tek formu olan Metotreksat (MTX) meme, mesane ve testis kanserlerinin tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma-da MTX kullanımına bağlı, testiste oluşan histopatolojik değişikliklere karşı Shilajitin (PS)'in etkilerinin histopatolojik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM:Yirmi dört adet Spraque Dawley erkek sıçan 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. MTX grubuna, tek doz intra peritoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/kg MTX, MTX+PS grubuna deney süresinin (7 gün) ilk gününde tek doz i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX ve MTX verilmeden 15 dk önce 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. İlk günü takiben gün aşırı, toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde 2 kez daha 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. PS grubuna, ilk gün ve akabinde gün aşırı toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde sadece 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. Yedinci günün sonunda, hayvanların tümü sakrifiye edilerek sol testisleri alındı. Testis doku örnekleri ışık mikroskobunda histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi.BULGULAR: Gruplar arası, vücut ve testis ağırlıkları karşılaştırıldığında kontrol ve deney grupları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Histopatolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubunda seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında anlamlı derecede azalma gözlenirken (p<0.04), MTX+PS grubunda MTX grubuna göre seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında ki azalmanın daha az olduğu gözlendi (p<0.04). Morfolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde, lümende olgunlaşmamış seminifer tü-bülepitel hücreleri ve spermatozoa azlığı, seminifer tübül epitelinde ve bazal membranında düzensizlikler ve interstisyel alanda ödem izlendi. MTX+PS grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde ise, seminifer tübül epitelinde düzensizlik olan ve lümenine olgunlaşmamış seminifer tübül epitel hücrelerinin dökülmüş olduğu birkaç tübül dışında herhangi bir patolojiye rastlanmadı. SONUÇ:Bulgularımız, MTX'in testiküler dokuda hasar meydana getirdiğini ve PS uygulamasının bu hasarı önemli ölçüde düzeltebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak PS'nin, MTX tedavisinde oluşan testis hasarının ön-lenmesinde yararlı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. ANAHTAR KELİMELER:Metotreksat, Shilajit, Sıçan, Testis ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Methotrexate, only using form of antimetabolite group, has been used for breast, bladder and testicular cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to examine histopathologicly the effects of Shilajit (PS) on Methotrexate (MTX) induced testis damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four SpraqueDawley male rats were divided up four groups. Control group was not treated. Group MTX was exposed to a single dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/ kg MTX, Group MTX+PS was exposed to 100 mg/kg PS in 2ml/kg saline by gava-ge before 15 minutes and then a single dose i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX. After first dosage of PS, it was given at the same dosage two times at the every other day during the expe-riment (7da...

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The spermatogenic and ovogenic effects of chronically administered Shilajit to rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice

Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

Siçanlarda Metotreksat Kaynakli Testi̇s Hasari Üzeri̇ne Shi̇laji̇ti̇n’i̇n Hi̇stopatoloji̇k Etki̇si̇

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