The stages of amelogenesis as observed in molar teeth of young rats

Reith, Edward J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(70)90068-7

Cited by 267 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first secretory product of the ameloblasts was described as a granular material (FEARNHEAD, 1958(FEARNHEAD, , 1961, stippled material (REITH, 1967) or coarsetextured material (KALLENBACH, 1971). FEARNHEAD (1961) and REITH (1967) considered this material to be an enamel precursor.…”

Section: E Control Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical demonstration of amelogenins and enamelins secreted by ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages.

Inage

Shimokawa

Teranishi

et al. 1989

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Section: E Control Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical demonstration of amelogenins and enamelins secreted by ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages.

Inage

Shimokawa

Teranishi

et al. 1989

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…Previous electron microscopic studies have focused mainly on the morphological changes occurring in the process of inner enamel epithelial differentiation into secretory ameloblasts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Only a few investigations have been made on the outer enamel epithelium using electron microscopy; PANNESE [12] [16] all briefly reported the fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was originally reported on the basis of light microscopic observations that the CL of the rat incisor was difficult to discriminate into the four cell layers, i.e., the inner enamel epithelium, the stellate reticulum, the stratum intermedium and the outer enamel epithelium [1]. Later, however, it was shown by WARSHAWSKY et al [2] that in the CL of the rat incisor, both the inner and outer enamel epithelia consisted of multilayers.Previous electron microscopic studies have focused mainly on the morphological changes occurring in the process of inner enamel epithelial differentiation into secretory ameloblasts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Only a few investigations have been made on the outer enamel epithelium using electron microscopy; PANNESE [12] [16] all briefly reported the fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium in the cervical loop of the rat incisor.

Inage

Hatakeyama

Teranishi

et al. 1987

The Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry

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IntroductionThere have been only a few morphological studies on the cervical loop (CL) of the enamel organ. It was originally reported on the basis of light microscopic observations that the CL of the rat incisor was difficult to discriminate into the four cell layers, i.e., the inner enamel epithelium, the stellate reticulum, the stratum intermedium and the outer enamel epithelium [1]. Later, however, it was shown by WARSHAWSKY et al. [2] that in the CL of the rat incisor, both the inner and outer enamel epithelia consisted of multilayers.Previous electron microscopic studies have focused mainly on the morphological changes occurring in the process of inner enamel epithelial differentiation into secretory ameloblasts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Only a few investigations have been made on the outer enamel epithelium using electron microscopy; PANNESE [12] [16] all briefly reported the fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium. These studies showed that the outer enamel epithelium is lined by an outer basal lamina, and that the cells in the outer enamel epithelium have microvilli on their lateral membranes and are connected with adjacent cells by desmosomes. However, no ultrastructural details of the outer enamel epithelium have yet been clarified. It was also shown by DECKER[3] that lipid granules are often seen within cells, while details of their distrubution in the CL have not been revealed. The author therefore studied these various points in detail using the growing end of the rat incisor, and observed, mainly by electron microscopy, the fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium in the CL during the process of tooth formation.

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“…Forming enamel, however, is over 30% protein (5). Much of the protein is reabsorbed by ameloblasts and degraded in lysosomes (6, 7), but extracellular proteases also play a role in matrix protein removal (8 -10).Dental enamel formation is divided into secretory, transition, and maturation stages (11,12). During the secretory stage, enamel crystals grow primarily in length.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental enamel formation is divided into secretory, transition, and maturation stages (11,12). During the secretory stage, enamel crystals grow primarily in length.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomaturation Enamel Defects in Klk4 Knockout/LacZ Knockin Mice

Simmer

Lertlam

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

135

184

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Kallikrein 4 (Klk4) is believed to play an essential role in enamel biomineralization, because defects in KLK4 cause hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. We used gene targeting to generate a knockin mouse that replaces the Klk4 gene sequence, starting at the translation initiation site, with a lacZ reporter gene. Correct targeting of the transgene was confirmed by Southern blot and PCR analyses. Histochemical X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-␤-D-galactopyranoside) staining demonstrated expression of ␤-galactosidase in maturation stage ameloblasts. No X-gal staining was observed in secretory stage ameloblasts or in odontoblasts. Retained enamel proteins were observed in the maturation stage enamel of the Klk4 null mouse, but not in the Klk4 heterozygous or wild-type mice. The enamel layer in the Klk4 null mouse was normal in thickness and contained decussating enamel rods but was rapidly abraded following weaning, despite the mice being maintained on soft chow. In function the enamel readily fractured within the initial rod and interrod enamel above the parallel enamel covering the dentinoenamel junction. Despite the lack of Klk4 and the retention of enamel proteins, significant levels of crystal maturation occurred (although delayed), and the enamel achieved a mineral density in some places greater than that detected in bone and dentin. An important finding was that individual enamel crystallites of erupted teeth failed to grow together, interlock, and function as a unit. Instead, individual crystallites seemed to spill out of the enamel when fractured. These results demonstrate that Klk4 is essential for the removal of enamel proteins and the proper maturation of enamel crystals.Dental enamel is composed of highly ordered, very long crystals of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ). Mature enamel crystallites are about 70 nm wide and 30 nm thick, but are of unmeasurable length (1), probably extending all the way from the dentin layer to the surface of the tooth (2). Enamel crystallites are organized into bundles called rods, with about 10,000 parallel crystals in a rod (3). Each enamel rod is the product of a single ameloblast, the cell type that forms a continuous sheet over the developing enamel and orchestrates its formation. Dental enamel of erupted teeth is ϳ95% mineral (by weight) (4), with most of the non-mineral component being water. Protein comprises Ͻ1% of its weight. Forming enamel, however, is over 30% protein (5). Much of the protein is reabsorbed by ameloblasts and degraded in lysosomes (6, 7), but extracellular proteases also play a role in matrix protein removal (8 -10).Dental enamel formation is divided into secretory, transition, and maturation stages (11,12). During the secretory stage, enamel crystals grow primarily in length. As the crystals extend, the enamel layer expands. Enamel crystallites lengthen along a mineralization front at the secretory surface of the ameloblast cell membrane. There, mineral deposits rapidly on the crystallite tips, and very slowly on their sides...

show abstract

The stages of amelogenesis as observed in molar teeth of young rats

Cited by 267 publications

References 41 publications

Immunocytochemical demonstration of amelogenins and enamelins secreted by ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of amelogenins and enamelins secreted by ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages.

Fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium in the cervical loop of the rat incisor.

Hypomaturation Enamel Defects in Klk4 Knockout/LacZ Knockin Mice

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