The street as an area of human exposure in an earthquake aftermath: the case of Lorca, Spain, 2011

Rojo, Marc Bertran; Beck, Elise; Lutoff, Céline

doi:10.5194/nhess-17-581-2017

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…-Others : o Social scientists also work with macroseismic data to complete their studies on the behavior of populations in earthquake situations (Rojo et al, 2017). In this way, they help to improve prevention and resilience policies.…”

Section: Data Usage Valorisation and Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transversal Seismicity Action RESIF: A Tool to Improve the Distribution of the French Seismicity Products

Masson

Auclair

Bertil

et al. 2021

Seismological Research Letters

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In recent years, the French seismological, geodetic, and gravimetric community has been structured within Réseau Sismologique et géodésique Français (RESIF) (French seismological and geodetic network). In addition to instrumental developments, RESIF has structured the work on French seismicity (metropolitan and overseas) within the RESIF transverse seismicity action (ATS). The purpose of this article is to present the ATS and the way it is structured to propose to the community different products: seismicity bulletin and catalog, historical and instrumental macroseismicity data, and ShakeMaps. The places where these products can be found are indicated, as well as the way they are realized and the improvements in progress for a better realization and availability. The link with European plate observing system is also underlined.

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Section: Data Usage Valorisation and Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transversal Seismicity Action RESIF: A Tool to Improve the Distribution of the French Seismicity Products

Masson

Auclair

Bertil

et al. 2021

Seismological Research Letters

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“…In the same way, the concept of exposure in a BE and in OSs is linked [9,26] because they share the objects exposed to risk: people and goods. The expected movement in terms of people represents a crucial aspect of a seismic risk assessment procedure in the urban OS network.…”

Section: Towards a Seismic Risk Assessment Of Open Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Intrinsic Seismic Risk of Open Spaces in Existing Built Environments: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Open spaces (OSs), such as streets, squares, and green areas, in existing built environments (BEs) are key places in disaster risk management. The seismic risk in the OSs is strictly related to BE characteristics. Scientific literature mainly focuses on extrinsic factors affecting risk, which are related to BE elements on the OSs frontier (e.g., buildings) that could cause indirect effects on the OSs. Conversely, just a few risk assessment studies consider intrinsic factors, which are related to OS elements that could suffer direct effects. Moreover, synoptic studies on such factors are still missing. Through literature-based research, the paper identifies specific factors influencing seismic risk in the OSs, focusing notably on intrinsic vulnerability. The literature review methodology includes both a systematic review from Scopus databases and a traditional bibliographic search using snowball analysis. According to the final selected papers, risk factors are classified into five categories of OS characteristics: morpho-typology; physical; construction; use and users; and context. Statistical analysis of the categories’ recurrence in the final papers firstly allows current literature gaps to be defined. The results also provide a preliminary OSs risk index weighting each category in terms of such recurrences, thus representing a first useful step to support non-expert stakeholders in a preliminary assessment of priorities to define the seismic risk of Oss.

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“…The need for more research on human behaviour during crisis (moderate earthquakes in particular) has been noted in several studies [3] [4]. In order to prepare and respond to largely unpredictable events it is essential that more is known about how people really behave in a crisis situation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barriers to movement include fixed structures (buildings or fences), natural features (rivers/streams or bodies of water), and dynamic objects (cars or other people). Debris from damaged structures during disasters also block normal passageways [21] [4]. The increasing population in cities presents a large design challenge to planners and policy makers in building safe and disaster resilient cities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Agent System Approach in Evaluating Human Spatio-Temporal Vulnerability to Seismic Risk Using Social Attachment

et al. 2018

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Social attachment theory states that individuals seek the proximity of attachment figures (e.g. family members, friends, colleagues, familiar places or objects) when faced with threat. During disasters, this means that family members may seek each other before evacuating, gather personal property before heading to familiar exits and places, or follow groups/crowds, etc. This hard-wired human tendency should be considered in the assessment of risk and the creation of disaster management plans. Doing so may result in more realistic evacuation procedures and may minimise the number of casualties and injuries. In this context, a dynamic spatio-temporal analysis of seismic risk is presented using SOLACE, a multi-agent model of pedestrian behaviour based on social attachment theory implemented using the Belief-Desire-Intention approach. The model focuses on the influence of human, social, physical and temporal factors on successful evacuation. Human factors considered include perception and mobility defined by age. Social factors are defined by attachment bonds, social groups, population distribution, and cultural norms. Physical factors refer to the location of the epicentre of the earthquake, spatial distribution/layout and attributes of environmental objects such as buildings, roads, barriers (cars), placement of safe areas, evacuation routes, and the resulting debris/damage from the earthquake. Experiments tested the influence of time of the day, presence of disabled persons and earthquake intensity. Initial results show that factors that influence arrivals in safe areas include (a) human factors (age, disability, speed), (b) pre-evacuation behaviours, (c) perception distance (social attachment, time of day), (d) social interaction during evacuation, and (e) physical and spatial aspects, such as limitations imposed by debris (damage), and the distance to safe areas. To validate the results, scenarios will be designed with stakeholders, who will also take part in the definition of a serious game. The recommendation of this research is that both social and physical aspects should be considered when defining vulnerability in the analysis of risk.

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The street as an area of human exposure in an earthquake aftermath: the case of Lorca, Spain, 2011

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

The Transversal Seismicity Action RESIF: A Tool to Improve the Distribution of the French Seismicity Products

The Transversal Seismicity Action RESIF: A Tool to Improve the Distribution of the French Seismicity Products

Factors Influencing the Intrinsic Seismic Risk of Open Spaces in Existing Built Environments: A Systematic Review

A Multi-Agent System Approach in Evaluating Human Spatio-Temporal Vulnerability to Seismic Risk Using Social Attachment

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