The structure of microencapsulated carbon microspheres and its flame retardancy in poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Niu, Mei; Wang, Xin; Yang, Yaru; Hou, Wensheng; Dai, Jinming; Liu, Xuguang; Xu, Bingshe

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.03.002

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the high flammability with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of just 21% severely restricts its applications in special material area. Moreover, high toxic smoke releasing and severe melt‐dripping would cause serious damage to human body and ecological environment . In order to enhance the flame retardancy, various flame retardants especially brominated compounds were synthesized and applied to PET, which exhibited high efficiency in reducing the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel strategy was developed for the preparation of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) nanowires to achieve a superior flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Thanks to the well‐designed nanostructure, the prepared MPP nanowires exhibited great thermal stability and flame retardance. Herein with incorporation of only 1‐wt% MPP nanowires (PET/FR1.0 nanocomposite), the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was dramatically increased to 29.4% from 20.5%, showing self‐extinguishing behavior. Moreover, PET/FR1.0 nanocomposite passed V‐0 UL‐94 rating in the vertical combustion test. However, PET containing 5‐wt% commercial MPP powder (PET/FRC5.0) only showed a LOI of 27.9% and ignited the absorbent cotton with flammable melt‐droplets. Cone results also presented that introducing 1‐wt% MPP nanowires brought about a crucial decrease in fire hazard of PET, for instance, 11.1% and 7.7% maximum reduction in heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR) result indicated that the main pyrolysis volatiles generated from PET degradation including benzoic acid, aromatic compounds, and carbon dioxide were apparently suppressed after introducing MPP nanowires into PET matrixes, suggesting the outstanding obstructing effect of graphited char residue formed in the combustion. This enhanced flame retardancy rooting in addition of MPP nanowires can be attributed to the combined dilution effect in gaseous phase and catalytic carbonization effect in condensed phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Antimicrobial PET fabric was synthesized from PETMgO composites that were produced by the melting, mixing, and extrusion of PET and magnesium oxide nanoparticles [35]. Composites of PET with microencapsulated carbon microspheres (MCMSs) were prepared by melt blending and these composites were found to have good flame retarding and mechanical properties [36,37]. Hence, the properties of PET can be enhanced by melting blending or extrusion with certain characteristic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Mohsin

Abdulrehman

Haik

2017

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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This study investigates treating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste water bottles with different mass of ethylene glycol (EG) using reactive extrusion technique at a temperature of 260 ∘ C. The study puts emphases on evaluating the thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the treated polyethylene terephthalate. The properties of the treated PET from the extruder were analyzed using FT-IR, TGA, DSC, and nanoindentation. The melt flow indexes (MFI) of both treated and untreated PET were also measured and compared. Thermal properties such as melting temperature ( ) for treating PET showed an inversely proportional behavior with the EG concentrations. The FT-IR analysis was used to investigate the formation of new linkages like hydrogen bonds between PET and EG due to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Nanoindentation results revealed that both the mechanical characteristics, elastic modulus and hardness, decrease with increasing EG concentration. On the other hand, the melt flow index of treated PET exhibited an increase with increasing EG concentration in the PET matrix.

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“…a). As the CMSs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method with glucose as starting material, the CMSs surface contained a large number of oxygen‐containing functional groups . The average diameter determined from the statistical distribution of Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have investigated the flame retardant properties of CMSs prepared by the hydrothermal method. They found that addition of CMSs as a flame retardant for PET using the melt blending method improves the LOI value of PET because CMSs act as heat shields for the underlying polymer . Besides, the formed char layer after combustion was found to be relatively dense, which insulated the polymer from heat and oxygen .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that addition of CMSs as a flame retardant for PET using the melt blending method improves the LOI value of PET because CMSs act as heat shields for the underlying polymer . Besides, the formed char layer after combustion was found to be relatively dense, which insulated the polymer from heat and oxygen . To provide effective heat shielding of polymers, CMSs have been graphitized, and the influence of their graphitization degree on the flame retardant properties was explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of graphitization degree of carbon microspheres on properties of PET flame retardant

Xue

Niu

Yang

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, the influence of graphitization degree of carbon microspheres (CMSs) on flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites was examined. The graphitized CMSs (abbreviated as, TCMSs) were prepared through an annealing treatment, and both the CMSs/PET and TCMSs/PET composites with variable filler amounts were fabricated by the melt blending method. The results suggested that the graphitization degree of CMSs played an important role in the flame retardancy of PET. On the one hand, the TCMSs acted as effective heat shields to delay the ignition time (TTI), improve the initial thermal decomposition temperature of PET, decrease the heat absorption, and enhance the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values. On the other hand, the graphitized TCMSs decreased both the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and fire risk (FGI) through the formation of a more compact crosslinked carbon layer of graphitized carbon. With the addition of 2% TCMSs, the LOI of TCMSs/PET composites increased from 21% (neat PET) to 26.3%, the PHRR value decreased from 531.90 to 332.46 kW/m2, and the residue amount increased from 9.31% to 19.31%. Compared to the CMSs, the dispersion of TCMSs in PET matrix and tensile strength of TCMSs/PET composites were also improved. Thus, these novel graphitized TCMSs show promise as efficient flame retardants for future applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1399–1408, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The structure of microencapsulated carbon microspheres and its flame retardancy in poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Influence of graphitization degree of carbon microspheres on properties of PET flame retardant

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