The structure of mother–child play: Young children with Down syndrome and typically developing children.

Abstract

This study explored developmental changes and effects of Down syndrome on mothers' structuring of their children's play. Mothers and their young children with Down syndrome (n = 28) were compared with socioeconomically matched samples of mothers and their mental age-matched (n = 28) and chronological age-matched (n = 28) typically developing children. Mothers of typically developing children exhibited more object demonstrations with their developmentally younger children, who exhibited less object play. Mothers of children with Down syndrome were more directive and supportive than were mothers of younger and older typically developing children, who did not differ in their frequencies of these behaviors. More maternal supportive object behavior was associated with more object play and vocalization by children with Down syndrome. Mothers and children in all 3 groups were contingently responsive to their partners' behavioral signals.

Mothers' Social Communicative Adjustments to Young Children With Mild Developmental Delays

“…Moreover, mothers' responsivity was unrelated to their overall use of directives in general and to the use of the imperative form. This replicates earlier work (e.g., Crawley & Spiker, 1983;Roach et al, 1998), suggesting that responsiveness and directiveness are independent dimensions.…”

“…Future work on adjustment patterns of mothers in families under considerable stress or children whose behavior is more difficult to manage may yield different outcomes. Additional studies that are focused on analyses of momentto-moment parent-child transactions will be useful as well (Landry et al, 1994;Roach et al, 1998) because they would further contribute to an understanding regarding how well parents are able to fine-tune their adjustments. As this information accumulates, it will further expand our knowledge of the factors governing parental adjustments to children with developmental delays and likely provide specific direction for intervention as well.…”

“…Specifically, although parents of children with delays are often found to be more directive in comparison to appropriately matched groups, they also display comparatively high levels of responsiveness (including complying with children's influence attempts), manage to maintain low levels of restricting or preventing children's behavior, and demonstrate an ability to facilitate their child's social and play interactions by providing information, feedback, and environmental support in a useful and timely manner (Cielinski, Vaughn, Seifer, & Contreras, 1995;Crawley & Spiker, 1983;Landry, Garner, Pirie, & Swank, 1994;Landry, Miller-Loncar, & Swank, 1998;Roach, Barratt, Miller, & Leavitt, 1998;Tannock, 1988). Of note, upon closer analysis even the directives that parents use often took a form that provides child choice (suggestions) rather than commands (imperatives) to perform a specific behavior (e.g., Landry et al, 1998).…”

Crianças com síndrome de Down e suas interações familiares

“…Infelizmente, há uma escassez de trabalhos que focalizam este tema, em se tratando de crianças que apresentam algum tipo de deficiência, particularmente no Brasil (Dessen & PereiraSilva, 2000). Em geral, há uma predominância de estudos que focalizam as interações desenvolvidas entre a mãe e sua criança com deficiência mental (DM) (Cielinski, Vaughn, Seifer & Contreras, 1995;Colnago, 1991;Corter, Pepler, Stanhope & Abramovitch, 1992;Landry, Garner, Pirie & Swank, 1994;Lieberman, Padan-Belkin & Harel, 1995;Marfo, Dedrick & Barbour, 1998;Roach, Barratt, Miller & Leavitt, 1998;Sigolo, 1994;Vaughn & cols., 1994). O subsistema pai-criança DM é pouco investigado (Herbert & Carpenter, 1994;Hornby, 1995;Rodrigue, Morgan & Geffken, 1992), indicando a necessidade de implementação não somente de mais estudos sobre este tema, mas também de estudos que incluam todos os membros da família (Dessen, 1997;Dessen & Pereira-Silva, 2000;Kreppner, 2000).…”

"A emergência da expressão comunicativa na criança com síndrome de Down"

“…Dentre os aspectos estudados, a maioria refere-se às diversas causas que buscam justificar o atraso do desenvolvimento de linguagem nesta população e os fatores que mais contribuem para este atraso: a defasagem cognitiva (Cunningham et al, 1985;Buckley, 1993;Franco e Wishart, 1995;Cahill e Glidden, 1996;Roach et al, 1998;Limongi et al, 2000;Clibbens, 2002;Johnson-Glenberg e Chapman, 2004;Yoder e Warren, 2004), o prejuízo na qualidade da interação mãe-criança nos primeiros anos de vida (Jones, 1977;Leifer e Lewis, 1984;Martins e Mervis, 1985;Martins et al, 1985;Fischer, 1987;Hoshino et al, 1994;Messer e Hasan, 1994;Perez e Limongi, 1998;Kumin, 1999;Pino, 2000;, o atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (Camargo, 2000;Limongi et al, 2000;, as alterações do sistema estomatognático (Schwartzman M., 1999;Ideriha, 2005), as alterações neurológicas (Schwartzman J., 1999;, os quadros de otite (Kay-Raining Bird e Chapman, 1994;Roberto, 2000;Stoel-Gammon, 2002), os problemas cardíacos (Silva, 1990;Brunoni, 1999) e os respiratórios (Mustacchi e Rozone, 1990;.…”