The Study of Size of Yolk Sac by Ultrasonography and Its Correlation With Pregnancy Outcome

Srivastava, Geetanjali; Nagwani, Mumal; Navbir, Pasricha; Tewari, Vineeta; Siddiqui, Maruf; Sthapak, Eti

doi:10.16965/ijar.2016.135

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was approximately like finding of Srivastava et al which were 11.2%, 10% and 11.4% respectively. 13 Thus, these studies support that abnormal diameter of YS is strongly associated with miscarriage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate in first trimester and pregnancy outcome

Tawfik

2021

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Accurate differentiation between normal pregnancy and pregnancy loss in early gestation remains a clinical challenge-previous studies have described the association between embryonic well-beings and the characteristics of gestational sac. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate as a prognostic factor for the first trimester pregnancy outcome.Methods: This was a prospective cohort observesional study. It included 52 pregnant women in their first trimester from 6 week till 12 weeks gestation. Transvaginal sonographic examination after explanation and agreement of each patient. All pregnancies were followed for their pregnancy outcome after completion of 12 weeks. The adverse outcome was spontaneous miscarriage occurring before or at 12 weeks of gestation. These patients allocated into four study groups: according to gestational age at presentation and pregnancy outcome. Group I included women who were examined during (6-7 weeks+6 days). Group II included women who were examined during (8-9 weeks+6 days). Group III included women who were examined during (10-12 weeks). Group IV included women who had their pregnancies resulted into first trimester spontaneous miscarriage.Results: The validity of YS diameter regarding the prognosis of first trimester pregnancy outcome shows that; YSD had 100% specificity and 97.8% sensitivity in prediction of miscarriage. Regarding embryonic heartbeat, there was a statistically significant difference between group IV and the other groups. There was embryonic bradycardia in the miscarriage group. EHR had a sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 100% in prediction of first trimester pregnancy outcome.Conclusions: Abnormal yolk sac diameter, in the form of small, enlarged, absent or irregular yolk sac, and embryonic bradycardia are associated with poor pregnancy outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate in first trimester and pregnancy outcome

Tawfik

2021

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…4 So in present study, the mean YSD was more than these other two studies and the largest YSD was smaller in present study than that of study by Srivastav et al, in India. 5 In this study, mean YSD was progressively increasing with advancing gestational age from 6 weeks to 10 weeks 6 days. Cepni et al, demonstrated the steady increase in YSD from 5 to 11 weeks of gestation in normal pregnancies after which it disappears by 12 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…In the study by Srivastav et al, in India, the mean YSD was noted as 3.7±1.8 mm and the diameter of the smallest yolk sac was 1.25 mm and that of the largest was 8.96 mm. 5 In this study, mean YSD was 4.32±1.01 mm. In the study conducted by Tan S et al in Turkey, the mean YSD was 3.2±0.7 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…In this study, when the association between outcomes in pregnancies with normal and abnormal YSD was studied, the p value was highly significant (p = 0.0001) which was in accordance with the study by Prabhjot et al, where p value was <0.001 and also with the other study by Srivastav et al where p value was <0.001. 5,15 Thus, it shows highly significant correlation between YSD and pregnancy outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A study to assess predictive value of yolk sac diameter by transvaginal sonography with the pregnancy outcome

Sheik

Anjana²

2020

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Ultrasonography is one of the most important and useful diagnostic tools in the field of modern medicine. Being non-invasive, safe and without hazards of radiation, it has gained wide acceptability, as an integral part of basic investigative procedures. A yolk sac can be detected easily by transvaginal sonography when the mean gestational sac diameter is 5 to 6 mm. Generally, the yolk sac should be observed when a gestational sac measures greater than 8. The yolk sac is situated between the amnion and the chorion.Methods: The present Prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, K. L. E. S. Dr. Prabhakar Kore charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi during the period of January 2015 to February 2016. Records of pregnant women registering between 6 to 10-week 6 days’ period of gestation in OPD at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi and who were fulfilling eligible selection criteria were studied prospectively.Results: A total of 254 study participants were included in the study and analysed. In this study, 49 cases were from age group of 20 years or less than 20 years i.e. around 19.29% of total study population. Majority of the cases were with normal yolk sac diameter (YSD) i.e. around 201 cases which accounts for 79.13% of total study population and total number of cases with abnormal yolk sac diameter (YSD) were 53 which accounts for 20.87% of total study population.Conclusions: Measurement of the secondary yolk sac diameter between 6th to 10th weeks 6 days of gestation can be used as a valuable tool in predicting outcome of the pregnancy.

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“…In 2016, Ashoush et al, a large yolk sac was most commonly detected (in 36.8%) with isolated congenital anomalies (representing 63.6% of all cases with too-large yolk sac) [1] . In 2016, Srivastava et al, also reported that an enlarged yolk sac was responsible for 77.78% of the abortions [14] . In this study, an enlarged yolk sac has been noted in seven pregnancies (7.6%) of all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic Evaluation of the Yolk Sac and its Relationship to the Pregnancy Outcome

Awara¹,

Hamamy

2019

The Medical Journal of Cairo University

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Background:The yolk sac is the first anatomical structure identified ultrasonographically within the gestational sac and acts as the primary route of exchange between the human embryo and the mother before the placental circulation is established. Aim of Study:To determine whether yolk sacs with an abnormal sonographic appearance in pregnancies at 5-10 weeks gestation, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes or not. Patients and Methods:This study included one hundred pregnant women who are between 5-10 weeks of gestation at Tanta University Hospitals. They were prospectively evaluated concerning for sonographic characteristics of the yolk sacs and perinatal outcomes.Results: An abnormal yolk sac was found in 42 pregnancies. In pregnancies with enlarged yolk sacs, a miscarriage occurred in 71.4% of cases (5/7). The pregnancies with a yolk sac diameter ≥6mm had a significantly higher risk of miscarriage (p=0.001). Miscarriage occurred in 29.4% of pregnancies with irregular yolk sacs (5/17) and 30.8% of pregnancies with echogenic yolk sacs (4/13).Conclusions: An enlarged yolk sac is strongly associated with a significantly increased risk for miscarriage. The presence of an echogenic or irregular yolk sac appears to be unrelated to adverse perinatal outcome.

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The Study of Size of Yolk Sac by Ultrasonography and Its Correlation With Pregnancy Outcome

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate in first trimester and pregnancy outcome

Evaluation of yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate in first trimester and pregnancy outcome

A study to assess predictive value of yolk sac diameter by transvaginal sonography with the pregnancy outcome

Sonographic Evaluation of the Yolk Sac and its Relationship to the Pregnancy Outcome

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