The yolk sac is the first extra embryonic structure that becomes sonographically visible within the gestational sac and acts as the primary route of exchange between the human embryo and the mother before the placental circulation is established. The yolk sac is a round structure that is made up of an anechoic center bordered by a regular well-defined echogenic rim. It is usually 2-5 mm in diameter. The yolk sac appears at 6 weeks, thereafter increases in size, attains its maximum diameter at 10 weeks and then it starts decreasing in size. It disappears at 12 weeks. Aims and Objectives of the present study is to measure the size of yolk sac in pregnancies of duration 6-12 weeks by Transvaginal sonography and also to measure the inner diameter of yolk sac and correlate it with pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: We studied 72 pregnant women of duration 6-12 weeks referred by Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The inner diameter of yolk sac was measured by Transvaginal sonography and its correlation with pregnancy outcome was studied. Observations and Results: The mean yolk sac diameter was noted as 3.7±1.8 mm. The diameter of the smallest yolk sac was 1.25 mm and that of the largest was 8.96 mm. Yolk sac size was normal in 62 (88.57%) cases, it was smaller in size in one (1.4%) case. Further in another 7 (10%) cases, the yolk sac was found to be abnormally enlarged. In these cases where yolk sac was either enlarged or smaller in size, gestation terminated into abortion.

During routine dissection of the right arm of 50 year old male cadaver, we observed that the lateral root of median nerve was piercing the coracobrachialis muscle before joining the medial root of median to form the median nerve. The lateral root of median nerve did not give any branch within the muscle and no communication was observed between musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of median nerve within the coracobrachialis muscle or in the later course of these two nerves. The same muscle was being pierced by musculocutaneous nerve which was giving branches to the muscle. These variations are important for the anesthetists, surgeons, neurologists during surgery and anatomists during dissection in the region of axilla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8195 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 146-150

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Pterion is defined as an H-shaped small circular area formed by the junction of four bones: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Sphenoid on Norma lateralis of the skull. A 35 dry adult human skulls of unknown sex without any gross pathology or abnormalitywere taken for the study. Sphenoparietal was the commonest type of pterion observed on both the sides. Second most common type of pterion found in our study was stellate type. Stellate type of pterion was present only on right side of skull. The accomplishments of this study contribute to anatomical variations of the pterion, which are of interest to anthropologists, forensic pathologists and surgeons. This topic of study deserves further investigation in other populations from different geographical areas.