The surgical anatomy of the cervical distribution of the facial nerve

Ziarah, Haithem A.; Atkinson, Martin E.

doi:10.1016/0007-117x(81)90002-0

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The findings of anatomic studies have agreed about the measurements proposed by Risdon's technique, with an incision 3 to 5 cm long and 2 cm below the inferior border of the mandible (11)(12)(13). Other authors have recommended that the incision should be made at larger distances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Anatomosurgical study of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve for submandibular surgical approach

2006

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The purpose of this study was to estimate the distance from the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve to the inferior margin of the mandible in order to determine the best and safest location to approach the posterior mandibular region. Forty-five hemi-faces of 27 Brazilian adult cadavers were dissected and the distance between the mandibular marginal branch and the inferior margin of the mandible was measured. The number of marginal branches and anastomoses with other branches of the facial nerve was also recorded. The evaluation of the anatomic pieces showed 1 to 3 branches of the marginal mandibular branch, anastomoses with the buccal and cervical branches of the facial nerve and distances between -1.3 cm to +1.2 cm from the inferior margin of the mandible. In 57.7% of the cases, the nerve passed superiorly and along the length of the inferior margin of the mandible. Based on the findings of the present anatomosurgical study, it may be recommended an incision 3 cm below the inferior margin of the mandible associated to a careful dissection in planes and flap retraction. This is expected to reduce the risk of neuropraxia of the marginal mandibular nerve making the submandibular incision a safe approach.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Anatomosurgical study of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve for submandibular surgical approach

2006

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“…In der Mehr zahl der Fälle handelt es sich um einen Einzelast. Bei etwa 20% der Fälle besteht er aus zwei Teilästen [5], Endzweige des Ramus colli sollen neben dem Platysma auch den Musculus depressor labii inferioris innervieren [6], Die im deutschen Schrifttum auch als «Ansa cervicalis super ficialis» bezeichnete Verbindung zum Nervus transversus colli wird als konstant angegeben [5][6][7].…”

Section: Improvement Of the Esthetic And Functional Results Of Defectunclassified

“…Zusätzlich sollen jedoch auch Verbindungen zum Ner vus auricularis magnus bestehen [6], wobei derartige Anastomosen bisweilen auch innerhalb der Glandula pa rotis dargestellt werden können [5]. Über Verbindungen zum Ramus marginalis mandibulae liegen uns keine An gaben vor.…”

Section: Improvement Of the Esthetic And Functional Results Of Defectunclassified

Möglichkeit der Optimierung des ästhetischen und funktionellen Resultates von Defektheilungen nach Fazialisrekonstruktion und anderen fazialen Hyperkinesien durch operative Platysmaausschaltung

Laskawi¹,

Rödel²

1997

Otorhinolaryngol Nova

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UnerwÜnschte Platysmakontraktionen mit BeeintrÄchtigung der Unterlippenmimik kÖnnen sowohl im Rahmen von Synkinesien nach Fazialisrekonstruktionen als auch bei anderen fazialen Hyperkinesien auftreten. Um ihnen entgegenzuwirken, kann der Ramus colli nervi facialis durch selektive Neurektomie operativ ausgeschaltet werden. Wir berichten Über eine Patientin, bei der nach Akustikusneurinomoperation im Rahmen der mimischen Rehabilitation durch Hypoglossus-Fazialis-Anastomose (HFA) die selektive Neurektomie des Ramus colli prÄventiv bereits wÄhrend der HFA, also vor Eintreten der Synkinesien, durchgefÜhrt wurde, um eine Fehleinsprossung in das Platysma zu vermeiden. Bei einer weiteren Patientin mit einer orofazialen Dystonie (Meige-Syndrom) fÜhrte die selektive Neurektomie nicht zum vÖlligen Sistieren der Hyperkinesie, so dass zusÄtzlich eine operative Platysmareduktion erfolgte. Unsere Patienten zeigen, dass es mÖglich ist, die selektive Neurektomie des Ramus colli auch gleichzeitig mit der Nervenrekonstruktion durchzufÜhren, um stÖrenden Platysmabewegungen erfolgreich vorzubeugen. Sollten trotz durchgefÜhrter selektiver Neurektomie unerwÜnschte synkinetische Platysmabewegungen in gewissem Umfang weiterbestehen, kann eine Reduktion des Platysmas erwogen werden.

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“…A communication with the transverse cervical cutaneous nerve is routinely described, and anastomoses with the marginal mandibular branch and the great auricular nerve have also been reported. 11,19,20 In their anatomical study of 110 facial halves, Ziarah and Atkinson observed either a single cervical branch (80 percent of hemifacial specimens) or two parallel branches (20 percent) exiting the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery • December 2009 anteroinferior border of the lower pole of the parotid gland in the company of the mandibular branch, from which it diverged before reaching the angle of the mandible. The cervical branch or branches continued anteriorly until they reached the submandibular gland, where they divided further to form a fine plexus on the undersurface of the platysma muscle anterior to the hyoid bone.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Marginal Mandibular And Cervical Branchesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4 -10 Relatively few studies, however, have focused on the cervical branch of the facial nerve. 11 The cervical branch innervates the platysma muscle but also may have clinical importance in mouth opening and smiling as demonstrated by marginal mandibular nerve pseudoparalysis after rhytidectomy. Patients with this rare condition display the same lower lip dysfunction that is observed with injury to the marginal mandibular branch; however, the defect is described as a pseudopalsy because electrical stimulation and electromyographic studies have shown that the marginal mandibular branch in these cases is uninjured.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

Salinas

Jackson

Dunham

et al. 2009

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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The surgical anatomy of the cervical distribution of the facial nerve

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Anatomosurgical study of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve for submandibular surgical approach

Anatomosurgical study of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve for submandibular surgical approach

Möglichkeit der Optimierung des ästhetischen und funktionellen Resultates von Defektheilungen nach Fazialisrekonstruktion und anderen fazialen Hyperkinesien durch operative Platysmaausschaltung

Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

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