The temporal evolution of the active margin along the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SE Turkey): Evidence from U–Pb, Ar–Ar and fission track chronology

Karaoğlan, Fatih; Parlak, Osman; Hejl, Ewald; Neubauer, Franz; Klötzli, Urs

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.12.011

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Middle-Late Eocene cooling is coeval with final closure of the northern Neotethyan branch and the development of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (Okay and Tüysüz, 1999;Stampfli and Hochard, 2009). In southern Anatolia there is evidence of Eocene extensional tectonics, including the opening of a backarc basin and deposition of a thick volcanosedimentary succession, the Maden Complex (e.g., Yiğitbaş and Yılmaz, 1996;Robertson et al, 2006;Karaoğlan et al, 2016). The relative chronology of these two contrasting tectonic regimes during the Eocene (shortening in central eastern Anatolia and extension in southern eastern Anatolia) has not yet been resolved and requires much additional work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

et al. 2018

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The Bitlis-Pütürge collision zone of SE Turkey is the area of maximum indentation along the >2400-km-long Assyrian-Zagros suture between Arabia and Eurasia. The integration of (i ) fission-track analyses on apatites, (ii ) (U-Th)/He analyses on zircons, (iii ) field observations on stratigraphic and structural relationships, and (iv) preexisting U-Pb and Ar-Ar age determinations on zircons, amphiboles, and micas provides for the first time an overall picture of the thermo chronometric evolution of this collisional orogen. The data set points to ubiquitous latest Cretaceous metamorphism of a passive margin sedimentary sequence and its igneous basement not only along the suture zone but across the entire width of the Anatolia-Tauride block north of the suture. During the early Paleogene the basement complex of the Bitlis and Pütürge massifs along the suture was rapidly exhumed due to extensional tectonics in a back-arc setting and eventually overlain by Eocene shallow-marine sediments. The entire Oligocene is characterized by a rather flat thermochronometric evolution in the Bitlis orogenic wedge, contrary to the widely held belief that this epoch marked the inception of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and was characterized by widespread deformation. Deposition of a thick Oligocene sedimentary succession in the Muş-Hınıs basin occurred in a retroarc foreland setting unrelated to continental collision. During the Middle Miocene, the Bitlis-Pütürge orogenic wedge underwent a significant and discrete phase of rapid growth by both frontal accretion, as shown by cooling/exhumation of the foreland deposits on both sides of the orogenic prism, and underplating, as shown by cooling/ exhumation of the central metamorphic core of the orogenic wedge. We conclude that continental collision started in the mid-Miocene, as also shown by coeval thick syntectonic clastic wedges deposited in flexural basins along the Arabian plate northern margin and contractional reactivation of a number of preexisting structures in the European foreland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

et al. 2018

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“…The Tauride orogenic belts of Turkey are interpreted as representing a continental fragment that rifted from Gondwana (North Africa) during the Triassic, followed by reamalgamation and continental collision during the OligoMiocene (Karaoğlan et al, 2016) or Miocene (Okay et al, 2010). The Taurides are traditionally divided into three contiguous parts; the western, central and eastern Taurides (Özgül, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

Parlak¹

2016

J. Earth Sci.

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The Tauride ophiolites lie on the northern and southern flanks of an E-W-trending Tauride carbonate platform. They mainly consist of three tectonic units namely in ascending order, ophiolitic mélange, sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole and oceanic lithospheric remnants. They were generated above intra-oceanic subduction zones and emplaced over the Tauride carbonate platform from different Neotethyan oceanic basins in the Late Cretaceous. Tauride ophiolites from west to east are described and reviewed. All are underlain by well-preserved dynamothermal metamorphic soles of varied structural thicknesses up to 500 m that have a constant structural position between ophiolitic mélange below and harzburgitic mantle tectonites above and display typical inverted metamorphic sequences from amphibolite facies above to greenschist facies below. The metamorphic soles are shown to have evolved during the initiation of subduction and emplacement processes. In the Pozantı-Karsantı area the contact between the metamorphic sole and the overlying serpentinized harzburgites is characterized by a 1.5-2-m-thick zone of sheared serpentinized harzburgitic mantle intercalated with amphibolites and cut by thick mafic dykes (7-8 m) which postdate intraoceanic metamorphism and high-temperature ductile deformation. This contact is interpreted as an intra-oceanic decoupling surface along which volcanics from the upper levels of the down-going plate were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies and accreted to the base of the hanging wall plate. The metamorphic soles and overlying ophiolitic rocks were intruded by numerous isolated post-metamorphic diabase dykes filled by island arc tholeiitic magma. Subduction initiation and roll-back processes best explain the structural and petrological relationships of Late Cretaceous ophiolite genesis, metamorphic sole formation and subsequent dyke emplacement of the Tauride ophiolites. KEY WORDS: ophiolite, metamorphic sole, dyke emplacement, roll-back, subduction initiation. INTRODUCTIONThe Tauride orogenic belts of Turkey are interpreted as representing a continental fragment that rifted from Gondwana (North Africa) during the Triassic, followed by reamalgamation and continental collision during the OligoMiocene (Karaoğlan et al., 2016) or Miocene (Okay et al., 2010). The Taurides are traditionally divided into three contiguous parts; the western, central and eastern Taurides (Özgül, 1976).Ophiolites along the Tauride belt start with the Lycian nappes to the west and end with the Divriği ophiolite to the east (Fig. 1). These ophiolites (the Lycian nappes, Antalya, Beyşehir-Hoyran nappes, Mersin, Alihoca, Pozantı-Karsantı, Pınarbaşı and Divriği) are situated either on the northern or on the southern flank of an approximately E-W trending Tauride carbonate platform axis (Juteau, 1980 (Juteau, 1980). The plutonic sections and the metamorphic soles of the Tauride ophiolites are cut by numerous isolated microgabbro-diabase and minor pyroxenite dykes at different structural levels (Robertson et al

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“…Although there has been some tectonic transport of ophiolite, the sutures between these terranes are marked by thin zones with abundant ophiolitic rocks that were emplaced during closure of various strands of the Neotethys (Figure ). In SE Anatolia, the Bitlis‐Zagros suture zone marks the former location of the southern branch of the Neotethys Ocean and the zone of collision between the Taurides (Anatolia) and the Arabian continent in the Oligo‐Miocene (Allen & Armstrong, ; Jolivet & Faccenna, ; Karaoğlan, Parlak, Hejl, Neubauer, & Klötzli, ; McQuarrie, ; McQuarrie & van Hinsbergen, ; Okay, Zattin, & Cavazza, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South of the Sürgü fault, the Berit meta‐ophiolite is thrust over the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic Pütürge metamorphic suite and Eocene Maden Group (Figures and ; Karaoğlan, Parlak, Robertson, et al., ; Karaoğlan et al., ; Parlak et al., ; Perinçek & Kozlu, ). The Pütürge metamorphic suite includes greenschist to amphibolite facies gneisses, amphibolite, schist and marble (Bozkaya, Yalçin, Başibüyük, Özfirat, & Yilmaz, ; Perinçek & Kozlu, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Berit meta‐ophiolite and overlying Malatya‐Keban metamorphic unit are intruded by the 54–45 Ma Doğanşehir granitoid (Figures and ; Karaoğlan, Parlak, Robertson, et al., ; Karaoğlan et al., ). The calc‐alkaline granitoids indicate arc magmatism, potentially in an extensional setting, during subduction of Neotethyan (Berit Ocean) oceanic lithosphere (Karaoğlan, Parlak, Robertson, et al., ; Karaoğlan et al., ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrogenesis of kyanite‐ and corundum‐bearing mafic granulite in a meta‐ophiolite, SE Turkey

Awalt

2018

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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Although ophiolitic rocks are abundant in Anatolia (Turkey), only in rare cases have they experienced high‐grade metamorphism. Even more uncommon, in Anatolia and elsewhere are high‐grade meta‐ophiolites that retain an oceanic lithosphere stratigraphy from upper crustal mafic volcanic rocks through lower crustal gabbro to mantle peridotite. The Berit meta‐ophiolite of SE Turkey exhibits both features: from structurally higher to lower levels, it consists of garnet amphibolite (metabasalt), granulite facies metagabbro (as lenses in amphibolite inferred to be retrogressed granulite) and metaperidotite (locally with metapyroxenite layers). Whole‐rock major and trace‐element data indicate a tholeiitic protolith that formed in a suprasubduction setting. This paper presents new results for the metamorphic P–T conditions and path of oceanic lower crustal rocks in the Berit meta‐ophiolite, and an evaluation of the tectonic processes that may drive granulite facies metamorphism of ophiolite gabbro. In the Doğanşehir (Malatya, Turkey) region, granulite facies gabbroic rocks contain garnet (Grt)+clinopyroxene (Cpx)+plagioclase (Pl)+corundum (Crn)±orthopyroxene (Opx)±kyanite (Ky)±sapphirine (Spr)±rutile. Some exhibit symplectites consisting of Crn+Cpx, Ky+Cpx and/or coronas of garnet (outer shell) around a polygonal aggregate of clinopyroxene that in some cases surrounds a polygonal aggregate of orthopyroxene. Coronitic and non‐coronitic textures occur in proximity in mm‐ to cm‐scale layers; corona structures typically occur in plagioclase‐rich layers. Their formation is therefore related primarily to protolith type (troctolite v. gabbro) rather than P–T path. Phase diagrams calculated for a kyanite‐rich granulite, a plagioclase‐rich non‐coronitic granulite, and a plagioclase‐rich coronitic granulite (taking into account changes in effective bulk composition during texture development) predict peak conditions of ~800°C, 1.1–1.5 GPa; these conditions do not require invoking an unusually high geothermal gradient. In the coronitic metagabbro, reaction textures formed along the prograde path: Crn–Cpx symplectites grew at the expense of garnet, sapphirine and plagioclase. Peak conditions were followed by isobaric cooling of ~150°C. Hornblende–plagioclase thermometry results for host amphibolite (Hbl+Pl±Crn±Grt±relict Cpx) indicate retrograde conditions of 620–675°C and 0.5–0.8 GPa accompanied by infiltration of H2O‐rich fluid. This anticlockwise P–T path differs from an isothermal decompression path previously proposed for these rocks based on the presence of symplectite. Metamorphism of the ophiolitic rocks was driven by closing of the southern Neotethys Ocean, as oceanic lithosphere was obducted (most SE Anatolian ophiolites) or underthrust (Berit meta‐ophiolite). This was followed by subduction of a continental margin, driving cooling of the Berit granulite after the thermal peak at depths of ~40 km.

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The temporal evolution of the active margin along the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SE Turkey): Evidence from U–Pb, Ar–Ar and fission track chronology

Cited by 77 publications

References 71 publications

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

Petrogenesis of kyanite‐ and corundum‐bearing mafic granulite in a meta‐ophiolite, SE Turkey

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