The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police.

Camp, Nicholas P.; Voigt, Rob; Jurafsky, Dan; Eberhardt, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1037/pspa0000270

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Black communities are mentally and emotionally impacted by public displays of inhumanity (e.g., the epidemic of extrajudicial police killings; 37 – 39 ), as they routinely witness racialized tragedies committed against people who look similar to them and inhabit the same social circles. Part of the cycle of trauma for Black people is the discounting or outright denial of the injury's existence and one's racialized reality by other citizens who do not experience anti-black sentiment ( 40 ). With enough frequency and unpredictability, such racial stressors can lead to racial trauma, and the accumulation of these negative occurrences can have real long-lasting consequences for Black mental health (( 41 – 43 )).…”

Section: The Persistence Of Anti-black Racism As a Precursor To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Smith

Faber²,

Buchanan

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Psychedelic medicine is an emerging field that examines entheogens, psychoactive substances that produce non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC). 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is currently in phase-3 FDA clinical trials in the United States (US) and Canada to treat the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDMA is used in conjunction with manualized therapy, because of its effectiveness in reducing fear-driven stimuli that contribute to trauma and anxiety symptoms. In 2017, the FDA designated MDMA as a “breakthrough therapy,” signaling that it has advantages in safety, efficacy, and compliance over available medication for the treatment of trauma-, stress-, and anxiety-related disorders such as PTSD. In the US and Canada, historical and contemporary racial mistreatment is frequently experienced by Black people via a variety of macro and micro insults. Such experiences trigger physiological responses of anxiety and fear, which are associated with chronically elevated stress hormone levels (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), similar to levels documented among those diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. This paper will explore the benefits of entheogens within psychedelic assisted-therapy and their potential benefits in addressing the sequelae of pervasive and frequent negative race-based experiences and promoting healing and thriving among Black, Indigenous and other People of Color (BIPOC). The author(s) discuss the ethical responsibility for providing psychedelic-assisted therapy within a culturally competent provider framework and the importance of psychedelic researchers to recruit and retain BIPOC populations in research and clinical training.

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Section: The Persistence Of Anti-black Racism As a Precursor To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Smith

Faber²,

Buchanan

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…(e.g., Kochel et al, 2011), and exposed to excessive force than White Americans (e.g., Edwards et al, 2019;Fryer, 2019). Thus, police traffic stops can set in motion a cascade of events that may threaten people's lives and livelihoods, ultimately undermining trust in law enforcement (Camp et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, traffic stops are often starting points for further racial disparities in policing: When stopped, Black Americans are treated less respectfully (Voigt et al, 2017) and are more likely to be searched (e.g., Higgins et al, 2011; Pierson et al, 2020), arrested (e.g., Kochel et al, 2011), and exposed to excessive force than White Americans (e.g., Edwards et al, 2019; Fryer, 2019). Thus, police traffic stops can set in motion a cascade of events that may threaten people’s lives and livelihoods, ultimately undermining trust in law enforcement (Camp et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Bias in Police Traffic Stops: White Residents’ County-Level Prejudice and Stereotypes Are Related to Disproportionate Stopping of Black Drivers

et al. 2022

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Racial disparities in policing are well documented, but the reasons for such disparities are often debated. In the current research, we weighed in on this debate using a regional-level bias framework: We investigated the link between racial disparities in police traffic stops and regional-level racial bias, employing data from more than 130 million police traffic stops in 1,413 U.S. counties and county-level measures of racial bias from more than 2 million online respondents. Compared with their population share in county demographics, Black drivers were stopped at disproportionate rates in the majority of counties. Crucially, disproportionate stopping of Black drivers was higher in counties with higher levels of racial prejudice by White residents ( rs = .07−.36). Furthermore, county-level aggregates of White people’s threat-related stereotypes were less consistent in predicting disproportionate stopping ( rs = .00−.19). These observed relationships between regional-level bias and racial disparities in policing highlight the importance of the context in which police operate.

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“…The result is that Black people have been and continue to be subjected to intense police attention and brutality in the supposed interest of public safety. Compared to their White counterparts, Black youth and adults are targeted for more police surveillance; more likely to be stopped, searched, handcuffed, detained, ticketed, ticketed with higher penalties, and arrested; less likely to be spoken to with respect during interactions; more likely to be threatened with, threatened earlier during encounters, and actually subjected to police force; and, like Amadou Diallo, Michael Brown, Jr., and George Floyd, more likely to be killed by police (e.g., Brame et al, 2014;Buehler, 2017;Camp et al, 2021;Davis et al, 2018;Dunn, 2013;Edwards et al, 2019;Fagan & Davies, 2000;Fagan et al, 2016;Goel et al, 2016;Goncalves & Mello, 2021;Kahn et al, 2017;Kramer & Remster, 2018;Seguino & Brooks, 2021;Schwartz & Jahn, 2020;Voigt et al, 2017). Although narratives arguing that racial disparities are driven by greater incidence of crime among Black people remain popular to the present day, a great wealth of social psychological and criminological evidence exists now to support claims of racial discrimination.…”

Section: Why Abolition Democracy Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, burdensome and disparate policing, whether experienced directly or vicariously, leads Black people to perceive the police as less legitimate than White people do, and to distrust the police, believe police mistreat them and expect mistreatment in the future, and be cynical about their responsiveness and effectiveness (Brunson & Wade, 2019;Camp et al, 2021;Davis et al, 2018;Kirk & Papachristos, 2011;Sampson & Bartusch, 1998;Sunshine & Tyler, 2003;Tyler, 2005;Tyler & Huo, 2002;Weitzer & Tuch, 2006).…”

Section: Racially Disparate Policing Undermines Policing and Threatens Public Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Psychological Science of Abolition Democracy: Insights for Improving Theory and Research on Race and Public Safety

Najdowski

Goff

2021

Social Issues Policy Review

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We call for psychologists to expand their thinking on fair and just public safety by engaging with the "Abolition Democracy" framework that W. E. B. Du Bois articulated as the need to dissolve slavery while simultaneously taking affirmative steps to rid its toxic consequences from the body politic. Because the legacies of slavery continue to produce disparities in public safety in the United States, both harming Black people and the institutions that could keep them safe, psychologists must take seriously questions of history and structure in addition to immediate situations. In this article, we consider the state of knowledge regarding psychological processes that contribute to discriminatory public safety. We also identify ways in which theorizing about discriminatory public safety can be improved by appreciating the historical and sociopolitical context in which policing occurs.…the history of American police strategies cannot be separated from the history of the Nation as a whole. Unfortunately, our police, and all of our other institutions, must contend with many bitter legacies from that larger history. No paradigm-and no society-can be judged satisfactorily until those legacies have been confronted directly. (Williams & Murphy, 1990, p. 13)

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The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police.

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Racial Bias in Police Traffic Stops: White Residents’ County-Level Prejudice and Stereotypes Are Related to Disproportionate Stopping of Black Drivers

Toward a Psychological Science of Abolition Democracy: Insights for Improving Theory and Research on Race and Public Safety

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