The threat to global food security from wheat rust: ethical and historical issues in fighting crop diseases and preserving genetic diversity

Lidwell-Durnin, John; Lapthorn, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100446

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Further, Chilean strains JA16 and JA17 (also group II) overcame resistance of the resistant advanced breeding line Blu-25, which has been specifically bred for anthracnose resistance in Chile and was shown resistant under Swiss field conditions 26 . These results indicate that new introductions of highly virulent foreign strains can have severe consequences as seen for many other crops 57 – 59 and it should be investigated if this high virulence is also affecting other resistant (white) lupin material 26 , 31 , 60 . Although disease development after stem-wounding of seedlings correlated strongly to field disease scores of mature plants 26 , we cannot exclude the possibility that conclusions drawn on virulence level might differ for secondary infection processes (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin

Alkemade

Messmer

Voegele

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Lupin cultivation worldwide is threatened by anthracnose, a destructive disease caused by the seed- and air-borne fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lupini. In this study we explored the intraspecific diversity of 39 C. lupini isolates collected from different lupin cultivating regions around the world, and representative isolates were screened for their pathogenicity and virulence on white and Andean lupin. Multi-locus phylogeny and morphological characterizations showed intraspecific diversity to be greater than previously shown, distinguishing a total of six genetic groups and ten distinct morphotypes. Highest diversity was found across South America, indicating it as the center of origin of C. lupini. The isolates that correspond to the current pandemic belong to a genetic and morphological uniform group, were globally widespread, and showed high virulence on tested white and Andean lupin accessions. Isolates belonging to the other five genetic groups were mostly found locally and showed distinct virulence patterns. Two highly virulent strains were shown to overcome resistance of advanced white lupin breeding material. This stresses the need to be careful with international seed transports in order to prevent spread of currently confined but potentially highly virulent strains. This study improves our understanding of the diversity, phylogeography and pathogenicity of a member of one of the world’s top 10 plant pathogen genera, providing valuable information for breeding programs and future disease management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin

Alkemade

Messmer

Voegele

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Ex-situ is very important as a form of guarantee for germplasm used in breeding, plant improvement, and ensuring opportunities for sustainable adaptation. This collection of efforts can generate new resistance and valuable traits for the adaptation and transformation of varieties to climate changes [17]. Local rice varieties can be used for assembling new ones.…”

Section: Fig 2 Composition Of Local Rice Varieties In Central Javamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of local food crops in Central Java

Aristya

Supriyo

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Food needs serious handling in responding to the challenges of environmental changes and population growth. The diversity of local food crops has the advantage as a source of nutrition and breeding materials. The research aims to determine diverse local food crops in Central Java. A total of 120 farmers were selected by purposive random sampling from Tegal, Brebes, Banjarnegara, and Karanganyar regency, based on different agro-ecological sequences. The field inventory found 257 varieties of 11 types of exotic crops. The compositions of local rice varieties (Indica and Javanica) included seven red rice, nine black rice, 27 white rice, 17 glutinous rice, one animal feed rice, three upland rice, and eight aromatic ones. The frequency of the species distribution rate proves was very narrow in Tegal-Brebes, limited in Banjarnegara, and spread evenly in Karanganyar. The Shannon Diversity Index revealed the diverse species in a region. Banjarnegara had the highest species abundance index. The relationship between the Shannon Diversity Index and Equitability Index illustrates the dominant types of local food plants, especially in Karanganyar dominated by rice. The Sorensen Similarity Coefficient was used to estimate the level of structural similarity between species and regions. Tegal-Brebes have similar species composition and agro-ecological.

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“…The Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn (Pgt), which infects wheat, represents the most destructive disease that under favorable conditions could cause complete crop loss [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Pgt wind dispersal for long distances presents an epidemic risk and poses a threat to global food security [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Stem Rust Detection and Race Characterization in Tunisia

Abdedayem

Patpour

Laribi³

et al. 2023

Plants

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Climate changes over the past 25 years have led to conducive conditions for invasive and transboundary fungal disease occurrence, including the re-emergence of wheat stem rust disease, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) in East Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin. Since 2018, sporadic infections have been observed in Tunisia. In this study, we investigated Pgt occurrence at major Tunisian wheat growing areas. Pgt monitoring, assessment, and sampling from planted trap nurseries at five different locations over two years (2021 and 2022) revealed the predominance of three races, namely TTRTF (Clade III-B), TKKTF (Clade IV-F), and TKTTF (Clade IV-B). Clade III-B was the most prevalent in 2021 as it was detected at all locations, while in 2022 Pgt was only reported at Beja and Jendouba, with the prevalence of Clade IV-B. The low levels of disease incidence during these two years and Pgt population diversity suggest that this fungus most likely originated from exotic incursions and that climate factors could have caused disease establishment in Tunisia. Further evaluation under the artificial disease pressure of Tunisian wheat varieties and weather-based modeling for early disease detection in the Mediterranean area could be helpful in monitoring and predicting wheat stem rust emergence and epidemics.

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The threat to global food security from wheat rust: ethical and historical issues in fighting crop diseases and preserving genetic diversity

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin

Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin

Diversity of local food crops in Central Java

Wheat Stem Rust Detection and Race Characterization in Tunisia

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