The Toll/IL-1 receptor binding protein MyD88 is required for Xenopus axis formation

Prothmann, Christian; Armstrong, Neil J.; Rupp, Ralph A.W.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00447-0

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Og-MyD88 showed higher expression levels in immune response-related tissues, including spleen, head kidney, kidney, skin and intestine. The tissue distribution pattern of Og-MyD88 is similar to MyD88 in other species, including mammalian [18], avian [20], amphibian [21] and other fish [28,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Functional genomic studies on an immune- and antiviral-related gene of MyD88 in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

et al. 2012

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Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a universal adaptor protein involved in Toll-like receptors and in interleukin-1 receptor-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. In this study, a new MyD88 gene (designated as Og-MyD88) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) obtained following Roche 454 GS-FLX™ sequencing. The full-length Og-MyD88 cDNA is composed of 1682 bp and encodes a deduced polypeptide of 289 amino acids with 86% homology to MyD88 of Siniperca chuatsi. The deduced amino acid sequence of Og-MyD88 contains a typical death domain at the amino terminus and a conserved Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain at the carboxyl terminus, as well as three highly conserved motifs (Box1, Box2 and Box3) within the C-terminal TIR domain. In healthy fish, Og-MyD88 was found to be strongly expressed in immune-related tissues, including the spleen, head kidney, kidney, liver, skin and intestine, with lower expression in heart, stomach, brain and muscle. Transcripts of Og-MyD88 were found to be markedly up-regulated in fish spleen after challenge with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), a highly lethal viral pathogen to grouper fish. Furthermore, the full length Og-MyD88 and its N-terminal death domain were capable of inducing NF-κB activity in HEK-293 cells. Overexpressed Og-MyD88 showed the ability to inhibit replication of SGIV in grouper spleen (GS) cells. These results suggest that Og-MyD88 is involved in the grouper immune response to invasion of viral pathogens and may share similar functions to those observed in higher vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Subsequently, a variety of MyD88 genes have been extensively studied in other species, including human [18], mouse [19], chicken [20], frog [21], scallop [22] and fruit fly [23]. All reported MyD88 genes consist of two conserved domains comprising an amino terminal death domain and a typical TIR domain at the carboxyl terminal region.…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional genomic studies on an immune- and antiviral-related gene of MyD88 in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

et al. 2012

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“…In Drosophila, Toll-mediated activation of NF-κB plays an essential role in dorsoventral patterning by inducing expression of Bmp antagonists and repressing expression of decapentaplegic, the fly ortholog of bmp2/4 (Hong et al, 2008). There is some evidence that a homologous, maternally controlled Tlr pathway contributes to dorsal/ventral patterning in Xenopus (Prothmann et al, 2000) but Tril does not participate in this process since it functions zygotically to promote, rather than repress, Bmp signaling. To date, there is no evidence in any model system that Tlr-mediated activation of NF-κB is required to promote Bmp signaling during primitive hematopoiesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tril targets Smad7 for degradation to allow hematopoietic specification in Xenopus embryos

et al. 2016

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In Xenopus laevis, Bone morphogenetic proteins induce expression of the transcription factor Gata2 during gastrulation, and Gata2 is required in both ectodermal and mesodermal cells to enable mesoderm to commit to a hematopoietic fate. In the current studies, we identify tril as a Gata2 target gene that is required in both ectoderm and mesoderm for primitive hematopoiesis to occur. Tril is a transmembrane protein that functions as a co-receptor for Toll like receptors to mediate innate immune responses in the adult brain, but developmental roles for this molecule have not been identified. We show that Tril function is required both upstream and downstream of Bmp receptor mediated Smad1 phosphorylation for induction of Bmp target genes. Mechanistically, Tril triggers degradation of the Bmp inhibitor, Smad7. Tril-dependent down regulation of Smad7 relieves repression of endogenous Bmp signaling during gastrulation and this enables mesodermal progenitors to commit to a blood fate. Thus, Tril is a novel component of a Bmp-Gata2 positive feedback loop that plays an essential role in hematopoietic specification.

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“…The conserved role of MyD88 in TLR signaling transduction has been confirmed ranging from mammals to mollusks, including human [14], rat [4], Xenopus [15], fish [16], Drosophila [17], Chlamys farreri [18],etc. Unexpectedly, we found two novel truncated forms of Myd88 lacking DD domain, CgMyD88-T1 and CgMyD88-T2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Expression and function analysis of two naturally truncated MyD88 variants in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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The Toll/IL-1 receptor binding protein MyD88 is required for Xenopus axis formation

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Functional genomic studies on an immune- and antiviral-related gene of MyD88 in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Functional genomic studies on an immune- and antiviral-related gene of MyD88 in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Tril targets Smad7 for degradation to allow hematopoietic specification in Xenopus embryos

Expression and function analysis of two naturally truncated MyD88 variants in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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