The tree ring growth histories of UK native oaks as a tool for investigating Chronic Oak Decline: An example from the Forest of Dean

Gagen, Mary; Matthews, Neil; Denman, Sandra; Bridge, MC; Peace, Andrew; Pike, Rebecca; Young, Giles H.F.

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2019.03.001

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The capacity of stable carbon isotopes in Fennoscandian conifer tree rings to track historical changes in sunlight and, where it covaries with cloudiness, summer temperatures too, has been consistently demonstrated (e.g. Gagen et al 2011a;Loader et al 2013;Young et al 2010Young et al , 2019. Those reconstructions have not only described past changes in sunlight, but also revealed changes in atmospheric circulation patterns (Young et al 2012b(Young et al , 2019Loader et al 2013) providing the first attempt to better understand the largest source of uncertainty in modelling future changes in climate: the cloud-climate feedback (Dessler 2010;Flato et al 2013;Boucher et al 2013).…”

Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the first tree-ring network analyses using stable isotope data from multiple sites are emerging (e.g. Szejner et al 2016;Young et al 2019), exploitation of the full potential of the proxy is still held back by the maximum speed of mass spectrometry, as the primary measurement method. At present a high-end stable isotope dendroclimatology lab uses some version of the following standard methodologies (see to prepare samples for, and measure, stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.…”

Section: The Development Of Stable Isotope Measurements From Tree Ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, at sites where the fundamental laws of dendroclimatology apply ) stable carbon isotope measurements in tree rings, have successfully been used to reconstruct summer sunshine (e.g. Young et al 2019) temperature (e.g. Payomrat et al 2018) as well as hydroclimate proxies (e.g.…”

Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Care must be taken not to extend this assumption to areas where summer sunshine and temperatures do not co vary, particularly at lower frequencies (e.g. Young et al 2019). Emerging reconstructions of past cloudiness and summer sunshine are of crucial importance in current climate research since it may allow for an integrated assessment of the cloud-climate feedback, an important cause of the large spread in climate sensitivity between climate models (Dessler 2010;Flato et al 2013).…”

Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key drive is an emerging picture of significant differences in the magnitude and dynamics of forced and internal climate variability which requires stronger regional detail through high-resolution regional reconstructions of multiple climate variables (e.g. Gagen et al 2016;Smerdon and pollack 2016;Young et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings: Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses

Siegwolf

Brooks

Roden

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We are editing a new book in the Springer Tree Physiology Series entitled &#8220;Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings: Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses&#8221; due out in 2020. Because trees produce annual growth increments that can be precisely dated, annual and interannual variations in tree ring width and stable carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes provide detailed records of past physiological responses to biotic and abiotic impacts over many decades and centuries. In contrast to non-living chronologies (ice cores, stalagmites etc.), trees modify base physical inputs in response to local microclimates through their physiological response to light, temperature, humidity, water availability, CO2 and nutrients. Although this can make interpretation of isotopic variation in organic matter more complicated, it also means that these proxies can provide a wealth of additional information. Thus, an understanding of the combined physical and biological drivers of isotope fractionation in tree rings is crucial for paleoclimate interpretation. In addition, tree rings and stable isotopes contained therein integrate dynamic environmental, phenological and developmental variation that can be used to study present organism function and recent anthropogenic influences apart from their use as proxies for conditions in the distant past. The last few decades have seen tremendous progress in understanding the mechanisms by which tree physiology modifies stable isotope fractionation in organic matter.This book will be the first to comprehensively cover the field of tree ring stable isotopes. This volume highlights how tree ring stable isotopes have been used to address a range of environmental issues from paleoclimatology to forest management, and anthropogenic impacts on forest growth. It evaluates strengths and weaknesses of isotope applications in tree rings. This book focuses on physiological mechanisms that influence isotopic signals and reflect environmental impacts. Each of the 25 chapters has been authored by leading experts providing the most recent developments in the area.

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Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Development Of Stable Isotope Measurements From Tree Ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dendroclimatic Information From Stable Carbon Isotope Time S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings: Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses

Siegwolf

Brooks

Roden

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Oak declines: Reviewing the evidence for causes, management implications and research gaps

Gosling,

Jackson,

Elliot

et al. 2024

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Oak decline is a complex disorder caused by multiple stressors. Although declines have been observed across Europe since 1700, there is still a lot of uncertainty around the cause, and therefore the appropriate management techniques. Using literature from across European oak ecosystems, this review and perspective discusses the key stressors associated with oak declines in Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. in Europe and the newly described acute oak decline breaking out in the United Kingdom (and beyond), with a view to identifying important evidence gaps and management implications. The key factors implicated in oak decline include drought, pests and pathogens. These factors can interact in positive feedback loops to increase stress and decline within oaks. Extreme frost, waterlogging, soil properties, land management, nitrogen pollution, heavy metal pollution, genetic predisposition and mycorrhizal changes could also be involved in decline, but more research is required to understand these. In acute oak decline, necrotic lesions are caused by a bacterial complex of up to three species, and it has been observed that the presence of the wood borer Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius 1776 can amplify the symptoms. Practical implication: The amount that each stressor contributes towards these declines and the ‘tipping points’ are largely unknown and are likely to differ between decline events, sites and even individual trees. This makes management advice provision exceedingly difficult. Historic records show oaks in decline can recover; therefore, allowing trees time and space to recover should be a priority for management practitioners. Future research recommendations for effective management of declining oaks are discussed.

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Insect and Pathogen Influences on Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes

Ulrich

Voelker

Brooks

et al. 2022

Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings

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Understanding long-term insect and pathogen effects on host tree physiology can help forest managers respond to insect and pathogen outbreaks, and understand when insect and pathogen effects on tree physiology will be exacerbated by climate change. Leaf-level physiological processes modify the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) stable isotopic composition of elements taken up from the environment, and these modifications are recorded in tree-rings (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_9, 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_10, 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_16 and 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_17). Therefore, tree-ring stable isotopes are affected by both the tree’s environment and the tree’s physiological responses to the environment, including insects and pathogens. Tree-ring stable isotopes provide unique insights into the long-term effects of insects and pathogens on host tree physiology. However, insect and pathogen impacts on tree-ring stable isotopes are often overlooked, yet can substantially alter interpretations of tree-ring stable isotopes for reconstructions of climate and physiology. In this chapter, we discuss (1) the effects of insects(defoliators, wood-boring, leaf-feeding), pests (parasitic plants), and pathogens(root and foliar fungi) on hostphysiology (growth, hormonal regulation, gas exchange, water relations, and carbon and nutrient use) as they relate to signals possibly recorded by C and O stable isotopes in tree-rings, (2) how tree-ring stable isotopes reveal insect and pathogen impacts and the interacting effects of pathogens and climate on hostphysiology, and (3) the importance of considering insect and pathogen impacts for interpreting tree-ring stable isotopes to reconstruct past climate or physiology.

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The tree ring growth histories of UK native oaks as a tool for investigating Chronic Oak Decline: An example from the Forest of Dean

Abstract: Gagen, M. The tree ring growth histories of UK native oaks as a tool for investigating Chronic Oak Decline: an example from the Forest of Dean. Dendrochronologia

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings: Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses

Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings: Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses

Oak declines: Reviewing the evidence for causes, management implications and research gaps

Insect and Pathogen Influences on Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes

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