The trivial function of sleep

Rial, Rubén V.; Nicolau, M.C.; Gamundı́, Antoni; Akaârir, Mourad; Aparicio, Sara; Garau, Celia; Tejada, Silvia; Roca, C.; Gené, Lluis; Moranta, David; Esteban, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.001

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Hibernation and sleep share similar features, including reduced metabolic rate, decreased core T b , and energy conservation (2). To date, no definitive answer to why animals sleep has been found (40). A lack of sleep leads to an outward phenotype of a stressed physiological state, including increased oxidative stress, e.g., lipid peroxidation; altered inflammatory responses; elevated morbidity of neurobehavioral, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases; increased risks of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes; and impaired brain function (5,8,11,27,33,35,45,48,53).…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Preference of IRES-mediated initiation of translation during hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis

Pan

Breukelen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Preference of IRES-mediated initiation of translation during hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis

Pan

Breukelen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…For reviews of sleep, see Refs. 3,4,7-40. Previously suggested functions of sleep include the null hypothesis, 41,42 i.e., the conjecture that sleep is a peculiar form of indolence that has little adaptive value. Cogent arguments against this possibility were discussed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented generation of protein fragments during wakefulness as the molecular cause of sleep: a hypothesis

Varshavsky

2012

Protein Science

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Despite extensive understanding of sleep regulation, the molecular-level cause and function of sleep are unknown. I suggest that they originate in individual neurons and stem from increased production of protein fragments during wakefulness. These fragments are transient parts of protein complexes in which the fragments were generated. Neuronal Ca 21 fluxes are higher during wakefulness than during sleep. Subunits of transmembrane channels and other proteins are cleaved by Ca 21 -activated calpains and by other nonprocessive proteases, including caspases and secretases. In the proposed concept, termed the fragment generation (FG) hypothesis, sleep is a state during which the production of fragments is decreased (owing to lower Ca 21 transients) while fragment-destroying pathways are upregulated. These changes facilitate the elimination of fragments and the remodeling of protein complexes in which the fragments resided. The FG hypothesis posits that a proteolytic cleavage, which produces two fragments, can have both deleterious effects and fitness-increasing functions. This (previously not considered) dichotomy can explain both the conservation of cleavage sites in proteins and the evolutionary persistence of sleep, because sleep would counteract deleterious aspects of protein fragments. The FG hypothesis leads to new explanations of sleep phenomena, including a longer sleep after sleep deprivation. Studies in the 1970s showed that ethanol-induced sleep in mice can be strikingly prolonged by intracerebroventricular injections of either Ca 21 alone or Ca 21 and its ionophore (Erickson et al., Science 1978;199:1219-1221 Harris, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1979;10:527-534; Erickson et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1980;12:651-656). These results, which were never interpreted in connection to protein fragments or the function of sleep, may be accounted for by the FG hypothesis about molecular causation of sleep.

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“…La restauración del sueño es uno de los mejores indicadores de remisión del cuadro. A pesar del insomnio casi total, estos pacientes no presentan fatiga diurna 86 .…”

Section: Patología Neurológicaunclassified

Factores determinantes del riesgo metabólico en el tratamiento con antipsicóticos atípicos

Pato¹,

Rodríguez²,

Valverde³

2016

Psiquiatría Biológica

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Desde hace años se ha constatado que la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos se asocian a elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad. Las causas de este incremento van desde las asociadas al uso de tratamientos específicos para esta enfermedad como a factores de salud relacionados con dicho proceso.Las principales causas de muerte en personas con enfermedad mental grave son similares a las observadas en la población general. Así, en la población general, la enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de mortalidad y dicha mortalidad se ha reducido en los últimos años debido a las mejoras tratamientos y a las iniciativas de salud pública. Sin embargo, la enfermedad cardiovascular aún es alta en personas con enfermedad mental grave y en ellas no se ha visto esta reducción 1 .Los pacientes con esquizofrenia tienen una esperanza de vida un 20% menor que la población general, calculándose que mueren una media de 25 años antes 2 . Se calcula un riesgo relativo de 7,5 veces superior a la población general para la mortalidad por causas no naturales, como suicidio o muerte accidental (40% de las muertes prematuras en estos pacientes); y de 2,41 veces para la mortalidad por causas naturales, especialmente enfermedades cardiovasculares, infecciosas, respiratorias, y endocrinas 3 (60% de las muertes prematuras en estos pacientes) calculándose una mortalidad general 2-3 veces superior que en la población general 4 .En estudios que abordan específicamente las causas de muerte en la esquizofrenia frente a la población general establecen las siguientes cifras: un riesgo 2,7 veces mayor en la diabetes, un riesgo 2,3 veces mayor para enfermedades cardiovasculares, un riesgo de 3,2 veces mayor para las enfermedades respiratorias y de un 3,4 para enfermedades infecciosas 5 .En general, la mayor mortalidad cardiovascular asociada a la esquizofrenia, la depresión unipolar y el trastorno bipolar se atribuye a un riesgo relativo a presentar factores de riesgo modificables de enfermedad cardiovascular de 1 a 5 veces superior al del resto de la población 6 , tal y como se aprecia en la tabla 1.

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The trivial function of sleep

Cited by 66 publications

References 61 publications

Preference of IRES-mediated initiation of translation during hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis

Preference of IRES-mediated initiation of translation during hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis

Augmented generation of protein fragments during wakefulness as the molecular cause of sleep: a hypothesis

Factores determinantes del riesgo metabólico en el tratamiento con antipsicóticos atípicos

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