The ultrastructure of infective larvae (L3) of Wuchereria bancrofti after treatment with diethylcarbamazine

Alves, Luíz Carlos; Brayner, Fábio André; Silva, L.F.; Peixoto, Christina Alves

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2004.05.003

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, other authors showed by ultrastructural studies that DEC causes severe damage of microfilarial organelles including lysis and apoptosis (Peixoto et al, 2003). Similar results were also observed on blood microfilariae after in vivo treatment with DEC (Alves et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Changes in mouse Leydig cells ultrastructure and testosterone secretion after diethylcarbamazine administration

Saraiva

Silva

Torres

et al. 2008

Micron

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Changes in mouse Leydig cells ultrastructure and testosterone secretion after diethylcarbamazine administration

Saraiva

Silva

Torres

et al. 2008

Micron

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“…Parasitic nematodes, including the filaria, secrete a cocktail of immunomodulatory proteins, metabolites and microRNAs which have significant effects on the host immune system (Ashour 2013; Harnett 2014; Harnett and Harnett 2006; Hoerauf et al 2005; McSorley et al 2013; Pineda et al 2014; Wang et al 2014; Buck et al 2014), so it is an obvious speculation that they act to inhibit granulocyte and PBMC binding and antibody-dependent killing of Mf in the infected animal. Another important drug used in the LF elimination programme, diethylcarbamizine (DEC), is believed to exert its anthelmintic effects via activation of the host immune system (Maizels and Denham 1992; Vickery et al 1985), which is consistent with its limited direct effects on nematodes in vitro (Alves et al 2005; Court et al 1986; Gunawardena et al 2005). Perhaps the simplest hypothesis, given the effects of IVM on protein secretion by Mf (Moreno et al 2010), is that the MLs inhibit release of immunomodulatory signals by the parasites and thus allow the innate immune system to recognize and remove them.…”

Section: Is the Host Immune System Involved?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How do the macrocyclic lactones kill filarial nematode larvae?

Wolstenholme¹,

MacLean²,

Coates

et al. 2016

Invert Neurosci

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The macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are one of the few classes of drug used in the control of the human filarial infections, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, and the only one used to prevent heartworm disease in dogs and cats. Despite their importance in preventing filarial diseases, the way in which the MLs work against these parasites is unclear. In vitro measurements of nematode motility have revealed a large discrepancy between the maximum plasma concentrations achieved after drug administration and the amounts required to paralyze worms. Recent evidence has shed new light on the likely functions of the ML target, glutamate-gated chloride channels, in filarial nematodes and supports the hypothesis that the rapid clearance of microfilariae that follows treatment involves the host immune system.

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“…Autophagic processes in intestinal cells have also been described in different nematodes treated with benzimidazoles [6, 36]. Moreover, some specific damage to the different organs, for example brush border disruption in intestinal cells or muscle degradation, has also been described using conventional AH treatments [2, 32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats

Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano

Torres-Acosta

Fourquaux

et al. 2019

Parasite

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This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.

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The ultrastructure of infective larvae (L3) of Wuchereria bancrofti after treatment with diethylcarbamazine

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in mouse Leydig cells ultrastructure and testosterone secretion after diethylcarbamazine administration

Changes in mouse Leydig cells ultrastructure and testosterone secretion after diethylcarbamazine administration

How do the macrocyclic lactones kill filarial nematode larvae?

Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats

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