“…Learning innovation in the digital era as it is today can actually be realized through the development and use of learning media, such as the integration of smartphone use, computer use, and internet use into the learning process as described and proposed in the previous paragraph regarding multimedia learning (Amelia et al, 2021;Dewi et al, 2019;Perdana et al, 2021;Saputri et al, 2020). The integration of ICT into the learning process comes with the consideration that currently students are very familiar with technology, such as smartphones, computers and even internet networks (L. Budiarto & Akhyar, 2022;Lim et al, 2020;Rahiem, 2020). Considering that overall schools must also be able to equip students with cognitive knowledge, but also affective and psychomotor abilities as well as various soft skills needed in the 21st century (Afandi et al, 2019;Pamungkas et al, 2020).…”