Cryosurgery is an old as well as new technique, and has gone through a long-term process of development. The history of "modern" cryosurgery is relatively short and is closely intertwined with developments in low-temperature physics, engineering, and instrumentation that were made during the last century.• The cryosurgical probes developed in the 1960s allow precise application of cryosurgical treatment deep in the body. This unique ability makes cryosurgery very promising and has resulted in the expansion of the method during this era. Cryosurgery had mainly been applied to uterine tumors and neurologic, orthopedic, and skin diseases. • From the end of the 20th century, the development of imaging techniques and new freezing equipment has culminated in the creation of modern cryosurgery. The liquid nitrogen operative system and the argon-helium surgical system represent two important stages of modern cryosurgery. • Now cryosurgery has been successfully used for treatment of a variety of tumors, which include benign and malignant neoplasms of the prostate, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, breast, uterus, ovary, bone, and soft tissue.