The use of microelectrode array (MEA) to study the protective effects of potassium channel openers on metabolically compromised HL-1 cardiomyocytes

Abstract

The microelectrode array (MEA) was used to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activation using potassium channel openers (KCOs) on HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to acute chemically induced metabolic inhibition. Beat frequency and extracellular action potential (exAP) amplitude were measured in the presence of metabolic inhibitors (sodium azide (NaN(3)) or 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG)) or KCOs (pinacidil (PIN, a cyanoguanidine derivative, activates sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels) or SDZ PCO400 (SDZ, a benzopyran derivative, activates mitochondrial K(ATP) channels)). The protective effects of these KCOs on metabolically inhibited HL-1 cells were subsequently investigated. Signal shapes indicated that NaN(3) and 2-DG reduced the rate of the sodium (Na(+)) influx signal as reflected by a reduction in beat frequency. PIN and SDZ appeared to reduce both rate of depolarization and extent of the Na(+) influx signals. Pre-treating cardiomyocytes with PIN (0.1 mM), but not SDZ, prevented the reduction of beat frequency associated with NaN(3)- or 2-DG-induced metabolic inhibition. The exAP amplitude was not affected by either KCO. The cardioprotective effect of PIN relative to SDZ may be due to the opening of different K(ATP) channels. This metabolic inhibition model on the MEA may provide a stable platform for the study of cardiac pathophysiology in the future.

PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistor arrays for extracellular electrophysiological sensing of cardiac cells

“…The obtained data show high signal-to-noise ratios of up to 8 with significant cell signals. The amplitude of the signals reached 0.8 mV showing a similar performance compared to other extracellular electrophysiological systems (Law et al 2009) or FET based systems (Eschermann et al 2009) using the same cell line. The bandwidth obtained by the sensors has proven to be large enough to record the fast cell signals, while at the same time achieving a small noise in the range of only 100-200 µV (peak-to-peak).…”

Diamond Transistor Array for Extracellular Recording From Electrogenic Cells

“…The cell line was cultured in T25 flasks at 37 8C and 5% CO 2 in Claycomb medium with 10% FBS, 100 mg mL À1 penicillin-streptomycin, 0.1 mM norepinephrine, and 2 mM L-glutamine in an incubation chamber. After cells reached confluency and started beating, they were split and seeded onto the chips as described by Law et al [39]. Briefly, cells were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) followed by trypsination using 1 mL 0.05% trypsin/EDTA.…”

Frequency-dependent signal transfer at the interface between electrogenic cells and nanocavity electrodes

“…A well-established method for extracellular measurements relies on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) [3][4][5][6]. Fields of application for in vitro MEA systems include pharmacological highthroughput screening, cell-based biosensors, and research on information processing in neuronal networks [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. During the last years, the integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS) with MEAs has led to the development of very high-density recording units, opening up new opportunities for the investigation of communication in cellular networks [14,15].…”