The use of microorganisms with broad range substrate utilisation for the ferricyanide-mediated rapid determination of biochemical oxygen demand

Catterall, Kylie Patricia; Morris, K; Gladman, Calvin John; Zhao, Huijun; Pasco, Neil; John, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00527-6

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…the rate determining step is the diffusion of ferrocyanide from the cells to the electrode surface). [16][17][18][19][20]24 ݅ ௦௦ = ‫ݎܥܦܨ݊4‬…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,[16][17][18][19][20] It is therefore possible to determine the total [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4concentration in solution at a given time, but not to measure fast enzyme kinetics. [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3mediated BOD tests and toxicity tests are carried out by measuring the total [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4concentration after a defined incubation time 16,[18][19][20]. The steady state diffusion limited current for [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4oxidation is measured at a planar disc microelectrode and the concentration of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4in solution is calculated using equation 5, where n is the number of electrons in the electron transfer step, F is Faraday's constant, C is the concentration of ferrocyanide, D is the diffusion coefficient of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4and r is the radius of the electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trapping of redox-mediators at the surface of Chlorella vulgaris leads to error in measurements of cell reducing power

Thorne

Schneider

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The reduction of the redox mediator ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6](3-), by a range of algal and bacterial species, is frequently measured to probe plasma membrane ferrireductase activity or to quantify the reducing power of algal/bacterial biofilms and suspensions. In this study we have used rotating disk electrochemistry (RDE) to investigate the reduction of ferricyanide by the model organism Chlorella vulgaris. Importantly, we have seen that the diffusion limited current due to the oxidation of ferrocyanide, [Fe(CN)6](4-), at the electrode decreased linearly as C. vulgaris was added to the solution, even though in a pure ferrocyanide solution the algae are not able to reduce the mediator further and are simply spectator 'particles'. We attribute this effect to trapping of ferrocyanide at the cell surface, with up to 14% of the ferrocyanide missing from the solution at the highest cell concentration. The result has important implications for all techniques that use electrochemistry and other concentration dependent assays (e.g. fluorescence and colourimetry) to monitor ferrocyanide concentrations in the presence of both biofilms and cell suspensions. Analyte trapping could lead to a substantial underestimation of the concentration of reduced product.

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“…the rate determining step is the diffusion of ferrocyanide from the cells to the electrode surface). [16][17][18][19][20]24 ݅ ௦௦ = ‫ݎܥܦܨ݊4‬…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping of redox-mediators at the surface of Chlorella vulgaris leads to error in measurements of cell reducing power

Thorne

Schneider

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Extracting accurate kinetic information therefore requires a measurement in a reaction free sample, e.g. after centrifugation to remove the biocatalyst 4 5 7 8 12 21 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry for probing kinetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism – case study of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Prévoteau

Geirnaert

Arends

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Monitoring in vitro the metabolic activity of microorganisms aids bioprocesses and enables better understanding of microbial metabolism. Redox mediators can be used for this purpose via different electrochemical techniques that are either complex or only provide non-continuous data. Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) can alleviate these issues but was seldom used and is poorly characterized. The kinetics of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii A2-165, a beneficial gut microbe, were determined using a RDE with riboflavin as redox probe. This butyrate producer anaerobically ferments glucose and reduces riboflavin whose continuous monitoring on a RDE provided highly accurate kinetic measurements of its metabolism, even at low cell densities. The metabolic reaction rate increased linearly over a broad range of cell concentrations (9 × 104 to 5 × 107 cells.mL−1). Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics was observed with respect to riboflavin (KM = 6 μM; kcat = 5.3×105 s−1, at 37 °C) and glucose (KM = 6 μM; kcat = 2.4 × 105 s−1). The short temporal resolution allows continuous monitoring of fast cellular events such as kinetics inhibition with butyrate. Furthermore, we detected for the first time riboflavin reduction by another potential probiotic, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. The ability of the RDE for fast, accurate, simple and continuous measurements makes it an ad hoc tool for assessing bioprocesses at high resolution.

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“…The BOD of the inflow sample (Table 2), however, was underestimated and this has been observed previously for primary effluent using this rapid method (Catterall et al, 2003); it is probably due to the higher complexity and concentration of polymers and recalcitrant compounds present in the sample (Liu and Mattiasson, 2002). Previous studies Catterall et al, 2001) showed that single microorganisms tend to underestimate the biodegradation of amino acids and overestimate that of simple sugars, and questioned the validity of the GGA solution as a calibration standard for MICREDOX ® .…”

Section: Response Of Immobilised Cells To Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 67%

MICREDOX®—development of a ferricyanide-mediated rapid biochemical oxygen demand method using an immobilised Proteus vulgaris biocomponent

Pasco

Baronian

Jeffries

et al. 2004

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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The use of microorganisms with broad range substrate utilisation for the ferricyanide-mediated rapid determination of biochemical oxygen demand

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Trapping of redox-mediators at the surface of Chlorella vulgaris leads to error in measurements of cell reducing power

Trapping of redox-mediators at the surface of Chlorella vulgaris leads to error in measurements of cell reducing power

Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry for probing kinetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism – case study of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

MICREDOX®—development of a ferricyanide-mediated rapid biochemical oxygen demand method using an immobilised Proteus vulgaris biocomponent

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