The use of nitrogen fertiliser in agriculture. Where do we go practically and ecologically?

Newbould, P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1021-8_27

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Groundwater pollution and eutrophication of surface water are well documented for agricultural practices (Newbould 1989). Excepting studies by Dumroese et al (1992Dumroese et al ( , 1995 and Juntunen et al (2002Juntunen et al ( , 2003, little information is available regarding the potential risk of groundwater pollution due to nutrient leaching losses from container production of forest tree seedlings (Landis et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excepting studies by Dumroese et al (1992Dumroese et al ( , 1995 and Juntunen et al (2002Juntunen et al ( , 2003, little information is available regarding the potential risk of groundwater pollution due to nutrient leaching losses from container production of forest tree seedlings (Landis et al 1992). Unless NO 3 discharge levels are moderated to prevent increased contamination of drinking and (or) stream water, growing evidence suggests that political action may be taken to control the use of N fertilizers (Thompson 1985;Newbould 1989) or to regulate discharge from commercial nursery production systems (Johnson 1992). Such regulation is currently implemented in Oregon, USA (Grey 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Dumroese¹,

Page‐Dumroese²,

Salifu³

et al. 2005

Can. J. For. Res.

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Abstract:We evaluated nutrient uptake efficiency and subsequent leaching fractions for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings grown with exponentially increasing or conventional (constant) fertilization in a greenhouse. Conventional fertilization was associated with higher leachate electrical conductivity and greater nutrient losses, which were more pronounced for the more mobile NO 3 -N than for NH 4 -N. Exponential fertilization increased seedling nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency (75%), which helped reduce leaching losses compared to conventional fertilization (50%). Although exponentially fertilized plants received 45% less fertilizer (20 mg N·plant -1 ) during the establishment and accelerated growth phases compared with conventional cohorts (36 mg N·plant -1 ), seedling morphological characteristics and nutrient status were similar at the end of greenhouse culture and after 2 years of growth in the field, except that exponential fertilization increased root volume after the first year and also increased ectomycorrhizal colonization. Reduction of applied fertilizer quantities and enhanced fertilizer uptake efficiency through exponential fertilization allows for production of high-quality seedlings while simultaneously minimizing fertilizer inputs and mitigating potential environmental contamination.Résumé : Les auteurs ont évalué l'efficacité du prélèvement des nutriments et les fractions subséquemment lessivées pour des semis de pin blanc de l'Ouest (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) cultivés en serre et fertilisés de façon exponentielle ou conventionnelle (constante). La fertilisation conventionnelle a été associée à une plus grande conductivité électrique du lessivat et à des pertes en nutriments plus élevées, lesquelles étaient plus prononcées pour N-NO 3 mobile que pour N-NH 4 . La fertilisation exponentielle a accru l'efficacité du prélèvement de N par les semis (75 %), ce qui a aidé à réduire les pertes par lessivage comparativement à la fertilisation conventionnelle (50 %). Bien que les plants fertilisés de façon exponentielle aient reçu 45 % moins de fertilisant (20 mg N·semis -1 ) durant les phases d'établissement et de croissance accélérée comparativement aux cohortes conventionnelles (36 mg N·semis -1 ), les caractéristiques morphologiques et le statut nutritionnel des semis étaient similaires à la fin de la période de culture en serre et après 2 ans de croissance au champ, sauf que la fertilisation exponentielle a augmenté le volume de racines après la première année ainsi que la colonisation ectomycorhizienne. La réduction des quantités de fertilisants utilisées et l'augmentation de l'efficacité du prélèvement des nutriments obtenues avec la fertilisation exponentielle permettent un production de semis de haute qualité tout en minimisant les apports de nutriments et en atténuant le potentiel de contamination environnementale.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Dumroese et al. 2967

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Dumroese¹,

Page‐Dumroese²,

Salifu³

et al. 2005

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…Options for the control of nitrification in agricultural systems A number of N-management strategies that utilize rate and/or timing of fertilizer applications such as "fall" vs. "spring", basal vs. split applications, banding of N fertilizers vs. broadcasting, deep placement of N fertilizer vs. surface application, point-injection placement of solutions, and foliar applications of urea have been used to enhance the use efficiency of applied N. Strategies have also been developed to synchronize fertilizer application with crop N requirements to facilitate rapid uptake, reducing N residence time in soil which help limit losses by denitrification and/or NO 3 − -leaching (Newbould 1989, Dinnes et al 2002. Many such agronomic strategies have limitations, as they are associated with additional labor costs (for split applications) and other practical difficulties (Dinnes et al 2002).…”

Section: Consequences Of High-nitrifying Environments On Global Nitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)-Is there potential for genetic interventions in the Triticeae?

Subbarao

Kishii

Nakahara³

et al. 2009

Breed. Sci.

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The natural ability of plants to release chemical substances from their roots that have a suppressing effect on nitrifier activity and soil nitrification, is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI). Though nitrification is one of the critical processes in the nitrogen cycle, unrestricted and rapid nitrification in agricultural systems can result in major losses of nitrogen from the plant-soil system. This nitrogen loss is due to the leaching of nitrate out of the rooting zone and emission of gaseous oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere, where it causes serious pollution problems. Using a newly developed assay system that quantifies the inhibitory activity of plant roots (i.e. BNI capacity), it has been shown that BNI capacity is widespread among crops and pastures. A tropical pasture grass, Brachiaria humidicola has been used as a model system to characterize BNI function, where it was shown that BNIs can provide sufficient inhibitory activity to suppress soil nitrification and nitrous oxide emissions. Given the wide-range of genetic diversity found among the Triticeae, and the current availability of genetic tools for moving traits/genes across members, there is great potential for introducing/improving the BNI capacity of economically important members of the Triticeae (i.e. wheat, barley and rye). This review outlines the current status of knowledge regarding the potential for genetic improvement in the BNI capacity of the Triticeae. Such approaches are critical to the development of the next-generation of crops and production systems where nitrification is biologically suppressed/regulated to reduce nitrogen leakage and protect the environment from nitrogen pollution

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“…Potential ecological and health problems: Nitrogen is lost from the soil, by leaching nitrite and nitrate and enters surface and groundwater which are often used as a source of drinking water [37] . The presence of nitrite and nitrate in the ground water at high concentrations as a result of high applications of cheese whey may result in serious health problems for both animals and humans.…”

Section: Nitrogen Losses In Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Environmental and Health Impacts of High Land Application of Cheese Whey

Ghaly¹,

Mahmoud²,

Rushton³

et al. 2007

American J. of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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A laboratory scale experiment was carried out to study the transformation and transport of nitrogenous compounds in soils receiving high application rates of cheese whey (twice the nitrogen requirement for crops). The experimental apparatus consists of 36 soil columns constructed of 20 cm inside diameter PVC pipes. Three types of soil (sandy loam, loam and sandy clay loam) and three soil depths (60, 120, 180 cm) were studied. The average monthly rainfall for the summer period in Halifax was used. The nitrogen in the soil was subject to biological transformations and downward movement in the soil. There were indications of the mineralization and nitrification processes taking place in the soil. The soil type and depth appeared to affect these processes. The ammonia volatilization occurred during the first 75 days with most (90 %) of the NH 3 loss taking place during the first 30 days. The amount of nitrogen losses to the air is about 3.41 kg/ha (0.59% of the total nitrogen). The amount of organic nitrogen lost in the leachates was 3.0-4.14 kg/ha (0.52-0.71% of the total nitrogen) whereas the amount of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) lost in the leachates was 18.63-24.09 kg/ha (3.54-4.56% of the total nitrogen). The presence of nitrite nitrogen in the leachate at high concentrations is a potential health hazard. Although cheese whey has been reported to have the potential to improve soil conditions, excess application has the potential of degrading soils and causing health problems. Additional research is, therefore, needed to better characterize the physical and chemical characteristics of soils receiving continuous high applications of cheese whey and their impact on crop yield and the qualities of groundwater and air.

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The use of nitrogen fertiliser in agriculture. Where do we go practically and ecologically?

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)-Is there potential for genetic interventions in the Triticeae?

Potential Environmental and Health Impacts of High Land Application of Cheese Whey

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