The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Orthopaedic Injuries

Abstract

This chapter brings a detailed review on the cell components in plasma, and their associated functions like haemostasis and inflammation, as well as the mechanism of platelet activation. The issue is described in a didactic and comprehensive format. The authors also include practical applications of PRP in orthopaedic diseases such as tendinopathies, chondral lesions, osteonecrosis and ACL lesions. The association of PRP, growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells is pointed out as a future treatment for orthopaedic lesions.

Platelets: Still a Therapeutical Target for Haemostatic Disorders

“…Structurally, platelets may be divided into four zones based on organization and function: (1) Peripheral zone; (2) Sol-gel zone; (3) Organelles zone; and (4) Membrane zone or system [12,13]. …”

“…Despite their vesicle appearance in the peripheral blood, platelets are subcellular fragments with cytoplasmatic and granular content plus complex and organized structure. Structurally, platelets may be divided into four zones based on organization and function: (1) Peripheral zone; (2) Sol-gel zone; (3) Organelles zone; and (4) Membrane zone or system [ 12 , 13 ].…”

“…The dense granules are rich in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin, and calcium ions. Finally, the cellular contents include lysosomes and mitochondria [ 13 ], which contain ATP and ADP, store enzymes, and are responsible for other molecules relevant to the platelet functions.…”