The Use of Probiotic and Antioxidants to Improve Welfare and Production of Layer Duck at Commercial Farms for Global Warming Mitigation

Abstract

Global warming affected increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) based on factorial pattern. The treatment was dose of natural/homemade and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 mg kg–1 and 600 mg kg–1 feed. Thus there were four treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated five times, totally were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1 000 ducks. The treatment was conduced for 2 mo. The parameters observed included, i) duck welfare based on Heterophyl/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio; ii) egg production consisted of (a) duck day production, and (b) egg weight. This study concluded that administration of combination between homemade probiotic and vitamin C at 600 mg kg–1 feed significantly (p < 0.05) increased duck welfare and egg production but did not affect egg weight.

Evaluation of the Physical Quality of Supplement Wafer and Application of Supplement on Layer Performance

“…The ambient temperature in Central Java ranges from 27-37 o C (Ismoyowati et al, 2020). According to the research results of Suswoyo et al (2021) the average temperature and humidity during the day are 31.91 o C and 79.43%, while in the afternoon, it is 31.35 o C and 82.21%. These values converted to heat stress index values of 168.86 and 170.64.…”

An Empowerment Model for Traditional Pitalah Duck Farmers in Riau Province-Indonesia

“…Pitalah duck is one of the genetic resources of poultry that needs to be developed [1]. Pitalah duck is a livestock commodity which has potential to be developed due to their high yield of eggs production (180 -200 eggs/year/head) with egg's weight around 60-70 g/gram, while the weight of a mature free-range duck is around 1464±246 g/head [2]. Pitalah Duck farming business will have big potential if the farmers can make its maintenance pattern more intensive, and if there is support from the local government [3].…”