The use of urinary enzyme measurements to detect renal damage caused by nephrotoxic compounds

Wright, P.J.; Plummer, David T.

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(74)90314-1

Cited by 132 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As análises das enzimas aminotransferases séricas (ALT e AST) e da fosfatase alcalina são importantes indicadores de lesões nas células hepáticas (Wright & Plummer, 1974). Uma droga não provoca dano algum no fígado sem interferir com a atividade normal dessas enzimas (Vijayalakshmi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultados Do Rendimento E Identificação Da Composição Químiunclassified

Constituintes químicos e estudos toxicológicos do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae)

Campêlo

Feitosa

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. plantas med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO:A caracterização química do óleo essencial de folhas de Citrus limon (Rutaceae) resultou na identificação de mistura de monoterpenos (limoneno, linalol, cis-óxido de limoneno, trans-óxido de limoneno, citronelal, neral, geranial, nerol e acetato de geranil). As estruturas dos compostos do óleo essencial foram identificadas por GC/MS, por comparação com dados da literatura. Os efeitos da administração crônica oral do óleo essencial de folhas de Citrus limon foram investigados sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos em camundongos Swiss machos. Os animais (n = 10/grupo) foram tratados por via oral diariamente durante 30 dias com óleo essencial de folhas de Citrus limon, nas doses de 50, 100 ou 150 mg kg -1 de massa corporal e os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos avaliados. O tratamento não causou nenhuma morte ou toxicidade nos animais. A administração do óleo essencial não alterou os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos e a massa dos órgãos, exceto por diminuição de 21 e 11% em uréia e ácido úrico, respectivamente, e 9%, nos níveis plasmáticos de aspartato transaminase (AST). Para os parâmetros hematológicos, houve pequenas mudanças nas contagens de neutrófilos, linfócitos, eosinófilos e monócitos, mas estes não foram diferentes dos valores de referência. Além disso, houve diminuição significativa nos triglicerídeos detectado nos animais tratados com dose de 150 mg kg -1 de óleo essencial. Em conclusão, a administração crônica de óleo essencial não induziu nenhum efeito de risco na maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos estudados em camundongos Swiss machos. No entanto, a diminuição dos níveis de uréia e ácido úrico em doses elevadas, sugere um possível efeito de insuficiência renal e aumento no teor de AST, sugerindo possível sobrecarga hepática que deve ser investigada com mais detalhe. Palavras-chave:Citrus limon, óleo essencial, tratamento crônico, hematologia, bioquímica ABSTRACT: Chemical constituents and toxicological studies of the essential oil extracted from Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae). The chemical characterization of the essential oil of Citrus limon (Rutaceae) leaves resulted in the identification of a mixture of monoterpenes (limonene, linalool, cis-limonene-oxide, trans-limonene-oxide, citronellal, neral, geranial, nerol e geranyl acetate). The structures of the compounds of essential oil were identified by GC/MS by comparison with literature data. The effects of the chronic oral administration of the essential oil of Citrus limon leaves were investigated on biochemical and hematological parameters in male adult Swiss mice. These animals (n=10/group) were orally treated daily for 30 days with essential oil of Citrus limon leaves with doses of 50, 100 or 150 mg kg -1 body weight and the biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The treatment did not cause any deaths or toxicity in the animals. The administration of essential oil did not change biochemical and hematological parameters and organ weight, except for decreases of 21 and 11% in blood urea nit...

show abstract

Section: Resultados Do Rendimento E Identificação Da Composição Químiunclassified

Constituintes químicos e estudos toxicológicos do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae)

Campêlo

Feitosa

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. plantas med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The scope of this study is not sufficient to ascertain the exact ratio of the two metal ions required for optimal hydrolase activity. Mg 2+ is usually employed as the only cofactor in routine ALP assays in clinical chemistry as well as in toxicological investigations 7,8,14 . However, the results obtained in this study suggests that better responses are likely to be obtained in such assays if carried out in the presence of both Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ at appropriate concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, less direct information is available on the structure and mechanism of mammalian ALPs. Owing to the practical importance of assaying tissue ALP activities in applied biochemical studies involving use of animals 7 and the mechanistic interest of the subject, we have been studying the effect of cofactors and inhibitors on the catalytic properties of mammalian ALPs 5,8 . Kinetic analysis shows that high concentrations of Mg 2+ inhibit tissue non-specific ALP in crude extracts by decreasing V max of pNPP hydrolysis 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cofactor interactions in the activation of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase: Synergistic effects of Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<i>2+</i> ions

Olorunniji¹,

Igunnu²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2010

Biokemistri

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interactions of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions in the activation of non-specific tissue alkaline phosphatase were investigated using crude extracts of rat kidney. Activation of alkaline phosphatase by the metal ions was accompanied by changes in the kinetic parameters of p- INTRODUCTIONThe roles of metal ions in metalloenzymes include direct participation in catalysis, stabilization of protein structure and regulation of enzymatic activity. Membrane alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a metal-containing enzyme that serves as a good model for the study of metal ion interactions in enzyme catalysis. Native E. coli ALP contains three metal ion binding sites (two Zn 2+ sites and one Mg 2+ site), and studies on their roles and interrelationships have provided some insights into the mechanism of the enzyme 1 . E. coli ALP is a zinc metalloenzyme, which can be activated by magnesium ion 2 . Removal of the Zn 2+ leads to loss of catalytic activity while its replacement by other divalent cations (Mn 2+ , Co 3+ , Cd 2+ , and Cu 2+ ) resulted in lower maximal activity 2 . It has been shown that while low concentrations of Mg 2+ stimulated the refolding of E. coli ALP, high concentration actually inhibited its reconstitution into the active form 3 . This suggests that Mg 2+ mediates stabilization and destabilization of the catalytically active structure of ALP at low and high concentrations respectively 4,5 . In E. coli ALP, Mg 2+ is thought to have a regulatory effect on the expression of catalytic activity and maintenance of structural integrity of the enzyme 1 . The specific binding of Mg 2+ to apo-ALP depends on both pH and the cooperative effects of Zn 2+ binding. Mg 2+ alone does not confer catalytic activity on ALP, but it does regulate the Zn 2+ -induced restoration of activity and perhaps, structural integrity of the metal-binding loci 1,6 .

show abstract

“…It has already been reported by several investigators that there are increases in urinary activities of these enzymes when nephrotoxic agents are administered to rats (13,14) Our previous study has demonstrated that the treatment of rats with GM or HgCl2 induced sig nificantly increased urinary enzyme activities, leading to the conclusion that these activities are suitable markers for detecting nephro toxicity by nephrotoxic agents (15). In the present study, TOB, one of the AGs, was used as a nephrotoxic agent, and the pro tective effect of LMOX against TOB-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in rats by renal histological studies and measurement of biochemical parameters including urinary LDH, NAG and LZM activities.…”

Section: Effects Of Tob Alone and In Combination Withmentioning

confidence: 86%

Studies on the Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Protection from These Effects (3) Protective Effect of Latamoxef against Tobramycin Nephrotoxicity and Its Protective Mechanism

Kojima

Ito

Suzuki

1986

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Effect of latamoxef (LMOX) against tobramycin (TOB)-induced nephro toxicity was studied in rats. Treatment with TOB (90 mg/kg/day, s.c.) alone resulted in marked increases in the activities of urinary enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-a-D-glucosaminidase and lysozyme, urinary protein content and blood urea nitrogen, which peaked on the 7th or 10th day. The combi nation with LMOX (500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day, s.c.) significantly suppressed increases in the parameters with TOB alone. The extent of this suppression roughly depended on the LMOX dosage.Although TOB alone caused pronounced histo logical changes such as extensive cortical proximal tubular cell necrosis, residual tubular basement membrane and cast formations in the renal cortex and medulla on the 7th day, these changes were apparently suppressed by combination with LMOX. In addition, intrarenal TOB concentrations in the rat given TOB alone were about 350, 500 and 1000 ,rtg/g tissue wet weight at 3 hr, on day 3 and on day 5, respectively.On the other hand, there was a significant reduction (30-60%) in intrarenal TOB concentration by combination with LMOX. These results indicate that combination with LMOX obviously protects the rat kidney from TOB nephro toxicity, and the protective effect may be partially due to suppression of intrarenal accumulation of TOB by LMOX.

show abstract

The use of urinary enzyme measurements to detect renal damage caused by nephrotoxic compounds

Cited by 132 publications

References 5 publications

Constituintes químicos e estudos toxicológicos do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae)

Constituintes químicos e estudos toxicológicos do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae)

Cofactor interactions in the activation of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase: Synergistic effects of Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<i>2+</i> ions

Studies on the Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Protection from These Effects (3) Protective Effect of Latamoxef against Tobramycin Nephrotoxicity and Its Protective Mechanism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About