The Utilization of Hormonal Interaction during Stress to Get Better Performance

Elnour, Alaa A

doi:10.4172/2153-0645.1000177

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, Kirby et al, 2013 showed that after 30 days of stress, long-term exposure to stress reduced levels of the neurotransmitter, which was consistent with the findings in current study [30]. This resulted in extremely severe disorders such attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and hypotension (very low blood pressure) [31]. This study showed difference in the changing of cortisol and neurotransmitters levels in the female more than male, as these parameters were increased in the female than male groups under stress.…”

Section: Discussion Sectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Relation Between the Noise Stress Effects and Neurotransmitters, Sex Hormones Levels in the Male and Female Balb/c Mice

Al-Shammary¹,

Hameid²,

Jouda

2023

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

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Many studies suggest that noise stress could damage many body systems such as nervous and endocrine systems, so the goal of this study was to demonstrate how the levels of neurotransmitters and sex hormones in mature male and female mice are affected by different noise stress exposure durations? In this study, 60 Balb/C mice (males and females) were used. Fifty mice were exposed to 90dB noise stress for 4h/daily and were scarified in different time points; 1,7,14,21, and 28 days while the rest 10mice were not exposed to noise stress and they serve as control. After the end of the experiment, the blood was collected and the serum samples were used to determine neurotransmitters levels, serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA), and hormones levels included testosterone, estrogen and cortisol levels. The findings showed that neurotransmitters levels were significantly higher in mice exposed to noise stress for 1,8,14, and 21days which was non-significant decrease compared to the control in the 28-day stress group. While the levels of cortisone were continuously rising in the exposed noise stress mice groups with the length of duration, the levels of estrogen in female and testosterone in male were continuously decreasing. Interestingly, the levels of neurotransmitters and cortisol were significantly higher in females than males in all noise stress groups. Additionally, these effects completely differ after 28 days of noise exposure, which needs more future studies to prove the risk of exposure to this type of stress on the body systems.

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Section: Discussion Sectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Relation Between the Noise Stress Effects and Neurotransmitters, Sex Hormones Levels in the Male and Female Balb/c Mice

Al-Shammary¹,

Hameid²,

Jouda

2023

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

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“…Catecholamines increases the cardiac output and blood flow to the muscles, and cortisol with its principal regulator ACTH is secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase blood glucose levels to support the nutrient requirements of the central nervous system during stress, such as prolonged exercise, starvation, and hepatic glycogen depletion (Schaal et al, 2011; Elnour, 2018). Long-time exposure to stress hormones is also associated with increased proteolysis (Darmaun et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Menstrual Function on Hormonal Response to Repeated Bouts of Intense Exercise

et al. 2019

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Background Strenous exercise stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis in order to ensure homeostasis and promote anabolism. Furthermore, exercise stimulates a transient increase in the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) suggested to mediate the anxiolytic effects of exercise. Athletes with secondary functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) have been reported to have lower BDNF, and a blunted HP axis response to exercise as athletes with overtraining syndrome. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the hormonal and BDNF responses to a two-bout maximal exercise protocol with four hours of recovery in between in FHA and eumenorrheic (EUM) athletes. Methods Eumenorrheic ( n = 16) and FHA ( n = 14) endurance athletes were recruited from national teams and competitive clubs. Protocols included gynecological examination; body composition (DXA); 7-day assessment of energy availability; blood sampling pre and post the two exercises tests. Results There were no differences between groups in hormonal responses to the first exercise bout. After the second exercise bout IGFBP-3 increased more in FHA compared with EUM athletes (2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 0.6 ± 0.6 μg/L, p = 0.048). There were non-significant trends toward higher increase in IGF-1 (39.3 ± 4.3 vs. 28.0 ± 4.6 μg/L, p = 0.074), BDNF (96.5 ± 22.9 vs. 34.4 ± 23.5 μg/L, p = 0.058), GH to cortisol ratio (0.329 ± 0.010 vs. 0.058 ± 0.010, p = 0.082), and decrease in IGF-1 to IGFBP-3 ratio (−2.04 ± 1.2 vs. 0.92 ± 1.22, p = 0.081) in athletes with FHA compared with EUM athletes. Furthermore, there was a non-significant trend toward a higher increase in prolactin to cortisol ratio in EUM athletes compared with athletes with FHA (0.60 ± 0.15 vs. 0.23 ± 0.15, p = 0.071). No differences in the hormonal or BDNF responses between the two exercise bouts as a result of menstrual function were found. Conclusion No major differences in the hormonal or BDNF responses between the two exercise bouts as a result of menstrual function could be detected.

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The Utilization of Hormonal Interaction during Stress to Get Better Performance

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

The Relation Between the Noise Stress Effects and Neurotransmitters, Sex Hormones Levels in the Male and Female Balb/c Mice

The Relation Between the Noise Stress Effects and Neurotransmitters, Sex Hormones Levels in the Male and Female Balb/c Mice

Impact of Menstrual Function on Hormonal Response to Repeated Bouts of Intense Exercise

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