“…These observers contend that all postmenopausal aging females are, to some degree, castrates. As ovarian function fails and endogenous estrogen levels become inadequate, the rate of diminution may readily be followed by means of vaginal (14–21) or urethral cytograms (22). The types of cells seen in the stained smears vary from those that are flattened and contain pyknotic nuclei to those that are small, round and parabasal.…”