The Value of Intimacy – Negotiating Commercial Relationships in Lifestyle Entrepreneurship

Performing “home” in the sharing economies of tourism: the Airbnb experience in Sofia, Bulgaria

“…In such forms of tourism accommodation, intimacy may also have commercial value. Depending on the demands and behaviour of guests, the hosts constantly (re)draw the lines between the public and private spheres in those sites (Andersson Cederholm & Hultman 2010) whilst employing different strategies for making guests "feel at home" (Sweeney & Lynch 2007). This work challenges the previous notions of home, in particular those commonly proposed in the tourism literature.…”

“…In my Airbnb-stays, "home-tours" like Anne's were commonplace and served as an implicit bordering practice (see also Andersson Cederholm & Hultman 2010) to negotiate the separation -or lack of separation -between shared private spatialities (e.g., the living room and kitchen) and the remaining Maartje Roelofsen intimate spatialities (e.g., the bedroom). In a similar vein, when Eva and Lisa toured me around their apartments, they made clear that I would be sleeping in their bedrooms while they would be sleeping on the sofa bed in the living room throughout my stay.…”

International winter tourism entrepreneurs in northern Sweden: understanding migration, lifestyle, and business motivations

“…Some entrepreneurs pursue a tourism business because of previous industry experiences and a passion for tourism, while others may consider tourism as a "lesser evil" or simply more compatible with family and lifestyle priorities (Cederholm, 2015;Iversen & Jacobsen, 2016;Komppula, 2004;Morrison, 2006). Some reject traditional economic growth ideologies and are more driven by a desire to share their lifestyle passions with like-minded guests rather than economic concerns (Ateljevic & Doorne, 2000;Cederholm & Hultman, 2010;Helgadóttir & Sigurðardóttir, 2008;Lundberg & Fredman, 2012). Again others may see tourism as a convenient way to combine leisure interests with work and pursue their hobbies as "serious leisure" ventures to make a living out of their preferred lifestyle activities (Shaw & Williams, 2004;Stebbins, 2001).…”

“…An important distinction has been made between migrants who arrive with clear plans for their business start-ups, and those who become self-employed after migration (Iversen & Jacobsen, 2016). The former are sometimes described as more entrepreneurial and proactive, 6 while the latter may enter self-employment by accident or financial necessity (Carlsen et al, 2008;Cederholm & Hultman, 2010;Morrison, 2006). Other distinctions have been made between entrepreneurs for whom the business is the primary source of income, and those who consider it as a side activity requiring little financial and time commitment (Ioannides & Petersen, 2003;Peters et al, 2009).…”

“…This continuum includes: pure lifestyle seekers opposing economic growth to preserve their lifestyle ideals (Ateljevic & Doorne, 2000); "non-entrepreneurs" entering selfemployment by necessity to make a living in their desired destination (Ioannides & Petersen, 2003;Williams et al, 1989); "constrained" entrepreneurs limiting their business activity due to skill, resource or lifestyle constraints (Shaw & Williams, 2004); business owners who consider the pleasures of tourism self-employment or the sharing of lifestyle values at the heart of their desired lifestyle change (Cederholm & Hultman, 2010;Helgadóttir & Sigurðardóttir, 2008;Marchant & Mottiar, 2011); and more business-driven entrepreneurs 7 who consider economic success along with personal and financial independence as part of their perceived "good life" (Bredvold & Skålén, 2016).…”