The value of tumor markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma alone and in combination

Abstract

Aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of CK19, galectin-3, HBME-1, CD56,claudin-1andneutrophilgelatinase-associatedlipocalin(NGAL)inpapillarythyroidcarcinoma(PTC),includingclassic,follicularvariantandmicro-carcinoma.Peritumoralbenignthyroidtissueswereusedasacontrol(C). ImmunohistochemicalstainingwiththeEnVisiondetectionsystemwasperformedon 59formalin-fixed,paraffin-embeddedthyroidtissues,including43PTCand16C. CK19, galectin-3, HBME-1, claudin-1 and NGAL were positive in most PTC, butwerenegativeorshowedfocalweakstaininginC.CD56waspositiveinC,but ab sentinPTC.Forasingleanalyzedtumormarker,thesensitivityoftheabovesix thyroidtumormarkerswas100%,95.3%,86%,79.1%,90.7%,93%,respectively.Thespecificitywas56.25%,100%,100%,100%,100%,100%,respectively. Forthecombinationofthesixtumormarkers,thesensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the diagnostic accuracy were all 100%,withco-expressionofatleastfourindices. InthediagnosisofPTC,combinedapplicationoftheabovetumormarkersisrecommended.ItcanbediagnosedasPTCclearlywhenthyroidlesionsarepositivefor atleastfouroftheabovetumormarkers[CD56(-)],andcanbeexcludedasPTC definitelywhenatleastfourtumormarkersarenegative[CD56(+)].

Diagnostic value of TROP-2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and comparison with HBME-1, galectin-3 and cytokeratin 19

“…In our study, these ratios were respectively 83.3% and 60% for distinguishing FND-FA and PTC, and 70% and 60% for distinguishing FND-FA and FVPTC. In agreement with the literature [4,8], we observed that usage of CK19 by itself had the highest sensitivity as a marker in distinguishing benign lesions from PTC and FVPTC (83.3%, 70%). However, its specificity was lower due to its positivity in benign lesions (60%).…”

“…Correct pathological diagnosis is necessary to minimize emotional stress, over-treatments and related financial costs brought by the diagnosis of thyroid cancer [3]. In order to eliminate disagreements among pathologists about well-differentiated lesions of thyroid derived from follicular epithelial cells and achieve diagnostic standardization, there have been many studies made where immunohistochemical and molecular markers are studied [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The immunohistochemical markers Hector Battifora mesothelial cell epitope-1 (HBME-1), galectin 3 (Gal-3) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) accepted to be indicators of malignancy in thyroid lesions have been used as products of such studies as panels in most pathology laboratories.…”

The Value of HBME-1 and Claudin-1 Expression Profile in the Distinction of BRAF-Like and RAS-Like Phenotypes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

“…Several additional studies highlighted claudin-1 as a potential marker of PTC [10][11][12][13][14]. In contrast to PTCs, absent or weak incomplete membranous claudin-1 expression has been reported in follicular adenomas [11][12][13], follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) [11], and non-malignant thyroid tissue samples [11][12][13][14]. Similar to HBME-1 expression at sites of follicular epithelial dysplasia [15,21], claudin-1 expression has been reported in thyroiditis-related follicular epithelial dysplasia [21].…”

“…Among various claudins, increased claudin-1 expression has been reported as a feature of PTC [10][11][12][13][14], whereas absence or weak expression is noted in non-tumorous thyroid parenchyma and some benign follicular epithelial-derived proliferations [10][11][12][13][14]. A few series provided the positivity rates of claudin-1 expression in classic and follicular variant PTCs [11,13]; however, to the best our knowledge, no studies have compared the status of claudin-1 expression profile with respect non-invasive RAS-like and invasive RAS-like phenotypes in PTCs.…”

Advances in Tumor Markers for the Early Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

“…Tall cell and solid PTC variants showed the diversity of staining (2/3; 66.67% and 13/23; 56.52 % respectively), while PTCs with a mixed histological pattern containing insular areas were mainly weakly positive (2/5; 40.0%) [20]. For a single analyzed tumor marker, the sensitivity of HBME-1 was 86% and the specificity was 100% [21]. Among 88 FNAs with histological control, the sensitivity of HBME-1 to predict PTC was 87.5% (28/32) and the specificity was 86% (48/56).…”