The vibrational spectra of maleimide and N-D maleimide

Surface reactions of 4-aminothiophenol with heterobifunctional crosslinkers bearing both succinimidyl ester and maleimide for biomolecular immobilization

“…Three main IR-active groups, the imidyl group O=C-N-C=O, the alkenyl group H-C=C-H, and C-N-C contribute to its spectra. The C 2v symmetry is often applied on maleimide or succinimide derivatives [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The imidyl group (O=C-N-C=O) generally shows an intense peak between 1700 and 1750 cm −1 due to the asymmetric stretching mode, and a weak peak between 1740 and 1850 cm −1 due to the symmetric stretching mode [5].…”

Spectroscopy and dynamics of excited states in maleimide and N-methyl maleimide: Ionic projection and ab initio calculations

“…For the ground state of the neutral molecule excellent agreement is found between ͑scaled͒ calculated values and experimental frequencies determined by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. [40][41][42] For the ground state of the radical cation, vibrational frequencies have not yet been determined experimentally.…”

A theoretical study of the vibrational spectrum of maleimide

“…This analysis has shown that water and hydrogen chloride form hydrogen-bonded complexes with a carbonyl group of the maleimide, whereas nitrogen interacts with the NH group. As a result, it is now well established that maleimide is expected to be monomeric only in the vapor phase and in dilute solutions [10], in contrast to what is found in maleic anhydride [12], which must be monomeric in all aggregation states. On the other hand, maleimide is expected to form dimer in concentrated solutions, melting and crystals [10], similarly to what happens with succinimide [13].…”

“…As a result, it is now well established that maleimide is expected to be monomeric only in the vapor phase and in dilute solutions [10], in contrast to what is found in maleic anhydride [12], which must be monomeric in all aggregation states. On the other hand, maleimide is expected to form dimer in concentrated solutions, melting and crystals [10], similarly to what happens with succinimide [13]. Recently, we have studied the effect of the H-bond formation in the molecular properties of maleimide in order to estimate the H-bond strength, frequency shifts and intensity enhancements after complexation [14].…”

“…In the last years, the chemistry of maleimide has been largely studied through combined studies involving vibrational spectroscopy and theoretical calculations [6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, Parker and collaborators [7] have combined infrared, Fourier Transform-Raman (FT-Raman), Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) spectroscopies and DFT calculations to provide the vibrational assignments of the spectra of maleimide and its N-derivatives.…”